Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable4

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= parameter of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 20 May 2024. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

The current dump has about 3.00M citations, when it should have roughly 3.64M citations. Which means about 640K citations are missing from this dump. This is a known issue and is currently under investigation.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	Citations/article
301	Libertas Academica [Beall's publisher list*] Listed on Beall's list in 2010, but later removed.	Libertas Academica Analytical Chemistry Insights (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
302	Mashable [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Mashable sponsored content.	Mashable (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
303	Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
304	Natural Foods Merchandiser [Quackwatch's list]	Natural Foods Merchandiser (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
305	Natural Health (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Naturopathy Natural Health (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
306	Patheos [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Patheos.	Patheos (1 in 1) Patheos.com (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
307	Pharmacognosy (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Pharmacognosy (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
308	Sensors & Transducers Journal [Beall's journal list]	Sensors & Transducers Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
309	Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
310	Tropical Plant Research [Beall's journal list]	Tropical Plant Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
311	arXiv \| `{{doi\|10.48550}}` [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#arXiv.	`doi=10.48550` Astrophysics (1 in 1) `{{doi\|10.48550/...}}` (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
312	Известия: Списание на Икономически Университет [Lying about DOAJ]	Izvestia Izvestiya (1 in 1) Известия (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
313	Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
314	International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
315	Massage Therapy Journal [Quackwatch's list]	Massage Therapy Journal (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
316	World Nutrition [Beall's publisher list / update]	World Nutrition (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
317	Academicians' Research Center \| `{{doi\|10.20431}}` [Beall's publisher list] [1]	ARC (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
318	AkiNik Publications \| `{{doi\|10.22271}}` [—] Individual journals listed on Beall's list	`doi=10.22271` International Journal of Chemical Studies (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
319	American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
320	American Journal of Research Communication [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Research Communication (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
321	Amoghsiddhi Education Society [Beall's publisher list]	AES (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
322	An Phoblacht [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#An Phoblacht.	An Phoblacht (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
323	Anadolu Agency [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Anadolu Agency, debatable for general topics, unreliable for controversial topics and international politics.	Anadolu Agency (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
324	Anglisticum [Beall's journal list]	Anglisticum (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
325	Annals of Clinical Case Reports [Beall's journal list]	Annals of Clinical Case Reports (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
326	Answers.com [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Answers.com.	Answers.com (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
327	Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
328	Australian Journal of Business and Management Research [Beall's journal list]	Australian Journal of Business and Management Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
329	Bild [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Bild.	Bild (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
330	Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal [Beall's journal list]	Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
331	Bioscience Discovery [Beall's journal list]	Bioscience Discovery (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
332	British Journal (publisher) [Beall's publisher list]	British Journal The British Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
333	Cancer Chronicles [Quackwatch's list]	Cancer Chronicles The Cancer Chronicles (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
334	Cancer Research Frontiers [Beall's journal list]	Cancer Research Frontiers (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
335	Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
336	Chemical Science Transactions [Beall's journal list]	Chemical Science Transactions (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
337	ClinMed International Library \| `{{doi\|10.23937}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.23937` International Journal of Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
338	Clinical Practice of Alternative Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Advancement in Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
339	Clinics in Surgery [Beall's journal list]	Clinics in Surgery (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
340	Communications on Applied Electronics [Beall's journal list]	Communications on Applied Electronics (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
341	Current Neurobiology [Beall's journal list / update]	Current Neurobiology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
342	Daily Kos [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Daily Kos.	Daily Kos (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
343	E-Cronicon [Beall's publisher list]	EC Agriculture (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
344	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering [Beall's journal list]	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
345	European Chemical Bulletin [Beall's journal list]	European Chemical Bulletin (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
346	European Journal of Natural History [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Natural History (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
347	Find a Grave [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Find a Grave.	Find a Grave (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
348	Gawker [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Gawker.	Gawker (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
349	Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences [Lying about DOAJ]	Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
350	Golden Research Thoughts [Beall's journal list]	Golden Research Thoughts (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
351	HealthBeat [Quackwatch's list]	HealthBeat HEALTHbeat (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
352	Hilaris \| `{{doi\|10.37421}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.37421` Medicinal Chemistry (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
353	Indian Journal of Scientific Research [Beall's journal list]	Indian Journal of Scientific Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
354	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
355	Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacotherapy [Beall's journal list]	IPP (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
356	Institute of Strategic and International Studies [Beall's publisher list]	Institute of Strategic and International Studies (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
357	Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business [Beall's journal list]	Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
358	International Education and Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	International Education and Research Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
359	International Information Institute [Beall's publisher list]	International Information Institute (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
360	International Journal for Innovation Education and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal for Innovation Education and Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
361	International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
362	International Journal of Advanced Computer Research [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Advanced Computer Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
363	International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
364	International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Science [Beall's journal list]	IJARES Images: Journal of Jewish Art (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
365	International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
366	International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science [Beall's journal list]	IJATES Images: Journal of Jewish Art (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
367	International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
368	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
369	International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
370	International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
371	International Journal of Bioassays [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Bioassays (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
372	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
373	International Journal of Computer Technology and Applications [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Technology and Applications (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
374	International Journal of Computing and Corporate Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computing and Corporate Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
375	International Journal of Contemporary Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Contemporary Applied Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
376	International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
377	International Journal of Current Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Current Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
378	International Journal of Digital Library Services [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Digital Library Services (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
379	International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
380	International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
381	International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
382	International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
383	International Journal of Energy and Water Resources [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Energy and Water Resources (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
384	International Journal of Engineering & Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering & Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
385	International Journal of Engineering Development and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Development and Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
386	International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology \| `{{doi\|10.17577}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
387	International Journal of Engineering Researches and Management Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Researches and Management Studies (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
388	International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies International Journal of English Language and Translation Studies (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
389	International Journal of English Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of English Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
390	International Journal of English and Education [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of English and Education (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
391	International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
392	International Journal of Environmental Science and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Environmental Science and Development (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
393	International Journal of Health Sciences and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
394	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science [Lying about DOAJ]	Center for Promoting Ideas International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
395	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
396	International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
397	International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
398	International Journal of Management Research and Business Strategy [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Management Research and Business Strategy (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
399	International Journal of Management and Social Science Research Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Management and Social Science Research Review (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
400	International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 22 May 2024. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 20 May 2024, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable3	Current Questionable4	→ Questionable5