Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable3

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= parameter of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 20 May 2024. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

The current dump has about 3.00M citations, when it should have roughly 3.64M citations. Which means about 640K citations are missing from this dump. This is a known issue and is currently under investigation.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	Citations/article
201	International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
202	International Journal of Nanotechnology [Lying about DOAJ] Not the Inderscience journal	International Journal of Nanotechnology (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
203	International Journal of Sanskrit Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Sanskrit Research (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
204	Jewish Virtual Library [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Jewish Virtual Library.	Jewish Virtual Library (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
205	Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
206	Source Journals [Beall's publisher list]	Source (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	5	5	1.000
207	International Journal of Human Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Human Sciences (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
208	Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
209	LiveJournal [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#LiveJournal.	LiveJournal (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
210	Prevention (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Prevention (4 in 1, 2, 3) Prevention Magazine (1 in 1)	5	4	1.250
211	STM Journals \| `{{doi\|10.37591}}` [—] Possibly an affiliate of OMICS Publishing Group. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering is likely the ASCE journal, rather than the STM journal.	Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	5	4	1.250
212	International Journal of Advanced Academic Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced Academic Research (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
213	International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
214	International Journal of Biotechnology [Lying about DOAJ] Not the Inderscience journal	International Journal of Biotechnology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
215	International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
216	International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing [Beall's journal list · Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
217	International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
218	Journal of Environmental Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Environmental Research and Development (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
219	Journal of Financial Education [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Financial Education (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
220	Journal of Research in Biology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Research in Biology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
221	Life Extension (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Life extension Life Extension (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
222	Mothering (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Mothering (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
223	Nursing and Midwifery Studies [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Nursing and Midwifery Studies (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
224	Nutrition Health Review [Quackwatch's list]	Nutrition Health Review (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
225	Scientific World [Beall's journal list]	Scientific World (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
226	Self (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Self (3 in 1, 2, 3) Self Magazine (1 in 1)	4	4	1.000
227	Tehnički Vjesnik [Beall's journal list]	Technical Gazette (2 in 1, 2) Tehnički Vjesnik (2 in 1, 2)	4	4	1.000
228	The New American [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#The New American.	The New American (2 in 1, 2) American Opinion (2 in 1, 2)	4	4	1.000
229	World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences \| `{{doi\|10.20959}}` [Beall's journal list]	World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	4	4	1.000
230	International Journal of Education and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Education and Research (4 in 1, 2, 3)	4	3	1.333
231	Physics Essays \| `{{doi\|10.4006}}` [—] Publishes quantum woo and relativity denial nonsense that could not possibly have passed meaningful peer-review.	Physics Essays (4 in 1, 2, 3)	4	3	1.333
232	Progress in Physics [Beall's journal list]	Progress in Physics (4 in 1, 2, 3)	4	3	1.333
233	Academic Exchange Quarterly [Beall's journal list]	Academic Exchange Quarterly (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
234	American Journal of Social Issues and Humanities [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Social Issues and Humanities (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
235	European Journal of Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Chemistry (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
236	Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal [Beall's journal list]	Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
237	Health Watch [Quackwatch's list]	Health Watch (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
238	International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
239	International Journal of Applied Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
240	International Journal of Computer Science Issues [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science Issues (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
241	International Journal of Education and Social Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Education and Social Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
242	International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
243	International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
244	International Journal of Modern Engineering Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
245	International Journal of Network Security [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Network Security (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
246	International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health (2 in 1, 2) International Journal of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (1 in 1)	3	3	1.000
247	International Journal of Trend in Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Trend in Research and Development (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
248	International Journal of Zoology Studies [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Zoology Studies (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
249	Journal of Computers [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Computers (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
250	Journal of Computing [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Computing (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
251	Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology [Lying about DOAJ] Not the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers journal	Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
252	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
253	Research Directions [Beall's journal list]	Research Directions (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
254	WikiLeaks [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#WikiLeaks.	WikiLeaks (3 in 1, 2, 3)	3	3	1.000
255	Global Journal for Research Analysis [Beall's journal list]	Global Journal for Research Analysis (3 in 1, 2)	3	2	1.500
256	ERM Publications \| `{{doi\|10.18843}}` [Beall's publisher list]	ERM Publications RPM Publications (3 in 1)	3	1	3.000
257	Journal of Medical Research [Beall's journal list]	The American Journal of Pathology Journal of Medical Research (3 in 1)	3	1	3.000
258	R & S Publications [Beall's publisher list]	R & S Publications RPM Publications (3 in 1)	3	1	3.000
259	ARPN Journal of Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	ARPN Journal of Science and Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
260	Alive (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Alive (1 in 1) Alive Magazine (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
261	American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
262	Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
263	Better Nutrition [Quackwatch's list]	Better Nutrition (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
264	Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
265	Blogger (service) [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Blogger.	Blogger (service) Blogspot (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
266	Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences [Beall's journal list] Indexed in Journal Citation Reports.	Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
267	Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
268	Center for Promoting Ideas \| `{{doi\|10.30845}}` [Beall's publisher list]	Center for Promoting Ideas (1 in 1) International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
269	Current Discovery [Beall's journal list]	Current Discovery (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
270	Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Dove Medical Press academic journals Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
271	Distractify [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Distractify.	Distractify (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
272	European Journal of Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Educational Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
273	Indian Journal of Natural Sciences [Beall's journal list] Indexed by Journal Citation Reports.	Indian Journal of Natural Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
274	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management [Beall's journal list]	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
275	International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
276	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
277	International Journal of Arts and Commerce [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Arts and Commerce (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
278	International Journal of Business and Information [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Business and Information (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
279	International Journal of Chemical Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Chemical Studies (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
280	International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
281	International Journal of Electrochemical Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electrochemical Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
282	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
283	International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
284	International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
285	International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
286	International Journal of Governance [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Governance (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
287	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
288	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
289	International Journal of Innovative Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research and Development (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
290	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
291	International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
292	International Journal of Management [Lying about DOAJ · Beall's publisher list]	International Journal of Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
293	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
294	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
295	International Journal of Research Culture Society [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research Culture Society (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
296	International Journal of Research in Computer Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Computer Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
297	International Journal of Social Science and Humanity [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Social Science and Humanity (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
298	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
299	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
300	Journal of Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 22 May 2024. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 20 May 2024, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable2	Current Questionable3	→ Questionable4