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Political party Main ideology Position Leader Affiliation Seats Ref.
Eur. EP group Intl. Senators House reps. MEPs
PvdA Labour Party,
Partij van de Arbeid
Social democracy Centre-left Frans Timmermans[1] PES S&D PA
14 / 75
25 / 150
6 / 29
[2][3]
GL GreenLeft,
GroenLinks
Green politics Centre-left Frans Timmermans[4] EGP Greens–EFA GG
3 / 29
[3]
PVV Party for Freedom,
Partij voor de Vrijheid
Right-wing populism Far-right Geert Wilders ID
4 / 75
37 / 150
0 / 29
[5][6][7][8]
VVD People's Party for Freedom and Democracy,
Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie
Conservative liberalism Centre-right Dilan Yeşilgöz ALDE Renew LI
10 / 75
24 / 150
5 / 29
[9][10][11]
BBB Farmer–Citizen Movement,
BoerBurgerBeweging
Agrarianism Right-wing Caroline van der Plas
16 / 75
7 / 150
0 / 29
NSC New Social Contract
Nieuw Sociaal Contract
Communitarianism Centre-right Pieter Omtzigt
0 / 75
20 / 150
0 / 29
D66 Democrats 66,
Democraten 66
Social liberalism Centre Rob Jetten ALDE Renew LI
5 / 75
9 / 150
2 / 29
[10][9]
CDA Christian Democratic Appeal,
Christen-Democratisch Appèl
Christian democracy Centre-right Henri Bontenbal EPP EPP CDI
6 / 75
5 / 150
5 / 29
[12][13][14][15]
SP Socialist Party,
Socialistische Partij
Democratic socialism Left-wing Lilian Marijnissen
3 / 75
5 / 150
0 / 29
[16][17][18][19]
PvdD Party for the Animals,
Partij voor de Dieren
Environmentalism Left-wing Esther Ouwehand APEU GUE–NGL
3 / 75
3 / 150
1 / 29
[20]
CU Christian Union,
ChristenUnie
Christian democracy Centre Mirjam Bikker ECPM EPP
3 / 75
3 / 150
1 / 29
[2][3][21][22]
FvD Forum for Democracy,
Forum voor Democratie
National conservatism Far-right Thierry Baudet NI
2 / 75
3 / 150
1 / 29
[23][24][25]
SGP Reformed Political Party,
Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij
Christian right Right-wing Chris Stoffer ECPM ECR
2 / 75
3 / 150
1 / 29
[2][3][26]
JA21 Right Answer 2021,
Juiste Antwoord 2021
Liberal conservatism Right-wing Joost Eerdmans ECR ECR
3 / 75
1 / 150
1 / 29
Volt Volt Netherlands,
Volt Nederland
European federalism Centre Laurens Dassen Volt Greens–EFA
2 / 75
2 / 150
0 / 29
[27]
DENK DENK Minority rights Centre-left Stephan van Baarle
0 / 75
3 / 150
0 / 29
[28][29]
50+ 50PLUS Pensioners' interests Centre Gerard van Hooft EDP
1 / 75
0 / 150
0 / 29
[2][10][9][20]
OPNL Independent Politics Netherlands
Onafhankelijke Politiek Nederland
Regionalism Centre Auke van der Goot EFA
1 / 75
0 / 150
0 / 29
MDD More Direct Democracy
Meer Directe Democratie
Direct Democracy Centre-right Dorien Rookmaker EAFD ECR
0 / 75
0 / 150
1 / 29


Party Main ideology Position Leader Affiliation Ref.
European International
Alliantie Alliance
Alliantie
New social contract Centre-right Vacant
BIJ1 BIJ1
Anti-capitalism Left-wing Edson Olf
CO Code Orange
Code Oranje
Direct democracy Syncretic Bert Blase
NVU Dutch People's Union
Nederlandse Volks-Unie
Ethnic nationalism Far-right Constant Kusters
OPA Elderly Politically Active
Ouderen Politiek Actief
Pensioners' interests Single-issue politics Vacant
GOUD GOUD
Pensioners' interests Centre Vacant
HVV Heart for Freedom
Hart voor Vrijheid
Antivax Syncretic Vacant
LHK Henk Krol List
Lijst Henk Krol
Progressive conservatism Centre-right Vacant
BVNL Interest of the Netherlands
Belang van Nederland
Classical liberalism Right-wing Wybren van Haga
JL Jesus Lives
Jezus Leeft
Evangelism Right-wing Florens van der Spek
LEF LEF - For the New Generation
LEF - Voor de Nieuwe Generatie
Youth politics Left-wing Daniël van Duijn
LibDem Liberal Democratic Party
Liberaal Democratische Partij
Social liberalism Centre Sammy van Tuyll
LP Libertarian Party
Libertaire Partij
Right-libertarianism Right-wing Tom van Lamoen EPIL LI [30]
NCPN New Communist Party of the Netherlands
Nieuwe Communistische Partij van Nederland
Marxism–Leninism Far-left Rinze Visser IMCWP
NLB NLBeter Public sector interests Centre Esther van Fenema
NLPlan Netherlands with a Plan
Nederland met een PLAN
Participatory democracy Centre Kok Kuen Chan
PSP Pacifist Socialist Party '92
Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92
Pacifist socialism Left-wing Vacant
PvdR Party for the Republic
Partij voor de Republiek
Republicanism Centre Bruno Braakhuis
PvdS Party for Sports
PartijvdSport
Health promotion Centre Annemarie van Duivenboden
PDNM Party The New Human
Partij De Nieuwe Mens
Spiritual left Centre-left Niraï Melis &
Raishrie Gajadin
[31]
PPNL Pirate Party
Piratenpartij
Pirate politics Syncretic Mark van Treuren[32] PPEU PPI [33]
PPvB Political Party for Basic Income
Politieke Partij voor Basisinkomen
Universal basic income Single-issue politics Sepp Hannen
TON Proud of the Netherlands
Trots op Nederland
Conservative liberalism Right-wing Sander van den Raadt
SPL Splinter Secular liberalism Centre-left Femke Merel van Kooten
DG The Greens
De Groenen
Green politics Centre-left Mark van Treuren[34]
DFP The Party Party
De Feestpartij
Joke Party Syncretic Johan Vlemmix
SvN Together for the Netherlands
Samen voor Nederland
Right-wing populism Far-right Michel Reijinga
UCF Ubuntu Connected Front Ubuntuism Centre-left Regillio Vaarnold
VCP United Communist Party
Verenigde Communistische Partij
Communism Far-left Engel Modderman
  1. ^ Lead candidate of the joint list GreenLeft and Labour Party at the 2023 general election.
  2. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Nordsieck5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d Josep M. Colomer (24 July 2008). Comparative European Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 221f. ISBN 978-0-203-94609-1. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  4. ^ Lead candidate of the joint list GreenLeft and Labour Party at the 2023 general election.
  5. ^ Pauwels, Teun (2014). Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands. Routledge. pp. 117–118. ISBN 9781317653912.
  6. ^ Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 191.
  7. ^ Tjitske Akkerman (2015). "Gender and the radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis of policy agendas". Patterns of Prejudice. 49 (1–2): 37–60. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2015.1023655. S2CID 144264153.
  8. ^ "Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) — Europe Politique". www.europe-politique.eu. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  9. ^ a b c Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49
  10. ^ a b c Hans Keman (2008), "The Low Countries: Confrontation and Coalition in Segmented Societies", Comparative European Politics, Taylor & Francis, p. 221, ISBN 9780203946091
  11. ^ Sean Lusk; Nick Birks (2014). Rethinking Public Strategy. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-137-37758-6.[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ "CDA: partij van samenleving en van waarden" (in Dutch). Reformatorisch Dagblad. 8 August 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  13. ^ Syuzanna Vasilyan (2009). "The integration crisis in the Netherlands: the causes and the new policy measures". In Ditta Dolejšiová; Miguel Angel García López (eds.). European Citizenship in the Process of Construction: Challenges for Citizenship, Citizenship Education and Democratic Practice in Europe. Council of Europe. p. 73. ISBN 978-92-871-6478-0.
  14. ^ Hans Vollaard; Gerrit Voerman; Nelleke van de Walle (2015). "The Netherlands". In Donatella M. Viola (ed.). Routledge Handbook of European Elections. Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-317-50363-7.
  15. ^ Bremmer, Ian (13 September 2012). "Going Dutch: The Netherlands' election results roll in". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
  16. ^ José Magone (3 July 2013). Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Routledge. p. 533. ISBN 978-1-136-93397-4.
  17. ^ "European Social Survey 2012 - Appendix 3 (in English)" (PDF). European Science Foundation. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.[permanent dead link]
  18. ^ Watkins, Susan (May–June 2005). "Continental tremors". New Left Review. II (33). New Left Review.
  19. ^ "Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008, retrieved 18 November 2016: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf
  20. ^ a b "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu.
  21. ^ Jort Statema; Paul Aarts. Timo Behr; Teija Tiilikainen (eds.). The Netherlands: Follow Washington, Be a Good European. note on p. 237. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  22. ^ Rudy B. Andeweg; Galen A. Irwin (2014). Governance and Politics of the Netherlands (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 74.
  23. ^ "Standpunten" (in Dutch). Forum voor Democratie. 15 November 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  24. ^ "Forum voor Democratie: Why has the Dutch far right surged?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  25. ^ Tierolf, Bas; Drost, Lisanne; van Kapel, Maaike (December 2018). Zevende rapportage racisme, antisemitisme en extreemrechts geweld in Nederland (PDF) (Report) (in Dutch). Verwey-Jonker Instituut. p. 35. ISBN 978-90-5830-912-9. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  26. ^ "Far-right MEPs form group in European Parliament". EurActiv. 2009-07-02. Retrieved 2014-03-20.
  27. ^ Stagni, Federica (6 December 2018). "Time For Change: How Volt Wants To Fix Europe". Italics Magazine. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  28. ^ "A Pro-Immigrant Party Rises in the Netherlands". The New York Times. 29 July 2016.
  29. ^ "Ethnic minorities desert Labour, turn to Denk ahead of March vote". Dutch News. 6 February 2017.
  30. ^ "Verkiezingsprogramma 2017 – 2021" (in Dutch). Libertarische Partij. 10 November 2016. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  31. ^ "Doelstellingen" (in Dutch). Partij voor Mens en Spirit. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  32. ^ Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.
  33. ^ Piratenpartij (2010-04-13). "Structuur" [Structure] (in Dutch). Retrieved 2010-04-14.
  34. ^ Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.