User:Mr. Ibrahem/Postpartum blues
| Postpartum blues | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Baby blues, maternity blues |
 | |
| Postpartum depression venus, a representation of the loss and emptiness felt after childbirth. | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry, obstetrics |
| Symptoms | Low mood, restlessness, irritability, tearfulness[1] |
| Usual onset | Within days of childbirth[2] |
| Duration | Up to 2 weeks[2] |
| Risk factors | Lack of support, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, history of depression[3][4][5] |
| Differential diagnosis | Postpartum depression, hypothyroidism[2][6] |
| Treatment | Supportive[2] |
| Medication | No medication indicated[7] |
| Prognosis | Self-limited[6] |
| Frequency | 50% to 85%[8] |
Postpartum blues, also known as baby blues, is the normal onset of sadness shortly after childbirth.[2][5] Other symptoms may include anxiety, restlessness, irritability, tearfulness, poor appetite, and trouble sleeping.[1][7] Symptoms are not severe and do not affect functioning.[7][6] Onset is generally within a few days after birth and can last up to two weeks.[2]
While the underlying cause is unclear, it is believed to be related to hormone changes and the stress of delivery.[1][3][4] Risk factors may include lack of support, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and a history of depression in the person themselves or their family.[3][4][5] If symptoms are more severe or last longer than two weeks, postpartum depression should be considered.[2]
Treatment is supportive, including reassurance, adequate sleep, emotional support, and exercise.[2][9] Complications may include subsequent major depression.[4] Between 50% and 80% of mothers are affected.[2][8] Partners may experience similar symptoms in about 10% of cases.[2] Those in the Western world may be more commonly affected.[3] The condition was first described in 1952.[9]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c "Feeling depressed after childbirth". nhs.uk. 7 December 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Baby blues after pregnancy". www.marchofdimes.org. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d Rai, S; Pathak, A; Sharma, I (July 2015). "Postpartum psychiatric disorders: Early diagnosis and management". Indian journal of psychiatry. 57 (Suppl 2): S216-21. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.161481. PMID 26330638.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d Kornstein, Susan G.; Clayton, Anita H. (15 December 2004). Women's Mental Health: A Comprehensive Textbook. Guilford Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-1-59385-144-6. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ a b c McGarry, Kelly A. (16 July 2012). The 5-Minute Consult Clinical Companion to Women's Health. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-4511-7776-3. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ a b c Mughal, Saba; Azhar, Yusra; Siddiqui, Waquar (2023). "Postpartum Depression". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ a b c "Postpartum Depression". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 2016-07-27. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
- ^ a b "Depression During & After Pregnancy: You Are Not Alone". HealthyChildren.org. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ a b Beck, Cheryl Tatano; Driscoll, Jeanne (2006). Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Clinician's Guide. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7637-1649-3. Archived from the original on 2024-01-11. Retrieved 2024-01-08.