User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pica (disorder)
| Pica | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Stomach contents of a person with pica: 1,446 items, including "453 nails, 42 screws, safety pins, spoon tops, and salt and pepper shaker tops." | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Appetite for and eating of substances that are not food[2] |
| Complications | Lead poisoning, gastrointestinal obstruction, low red blood cells[2] |
| Duration | > 1 month[2] |
| Risk factors | Pregnancy, iron deficiency, other mental disorders, poverty, emotional trauma[2] |
| Prognosis | Usually good[3] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[2] |
Pica is a disorder characterized by the appetite for and eating of substances that are not considered food.[2] Generally the craving are for a few specific items such as soil, raw potatoes, ice, hair, or paint.[4] Often few signs are present though abdominal pain may occasionally occur.[2] Pica may lead to lead poisoning, gastrointestinal obstruction, low red blood cells, or parasitic infections.[2]
Pica is associated with pregnancy, iron deficiency, other mental disorders, poverty, malnutrition, and emotional trauma.[2][5] A formal diagnosis requires behaviors to persist for at least a month and be inappropriate for a persons age and culture.[2] To make the diagnosis the person most also be at least two years old.[3]
In children who are otherwise normal, pica while generally resolve with education around what is appropriate to eat.[2] Counselling, including behavioral therapy, may also be useful.[2] If iron deficiency is present this should be treated.[2]
Pica effects up to 30% of children and pregnant women.[2] In children it occurs most frequently in those between 18 months and 6 years of age.[2] Described of pica date back more than 2,000 years to Hippocrates.[5][6] The term is named for the common magpie (Pica pica) which eats unusual objects.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ "Pica". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on April 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Leung, AKC; Hon, KL (2019). "Pica: A Common Condition that is Commonly Missed - An Update Review". Current pediatric reviews. 15 (3): 164–169. doi:10.2174/1573396315666190313163530. PMID 30868957.
- ^ a b Al Nasser, Y; Muco, E; Alsaad, AJ (January 2020). "Pica". PMID 30335275.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Luby, Joan L., ed. (2009). Handbook of preschool mental health : development, disorders, and treatment. New York: Guilford Press. p. 129. ISBN 9781606233504. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
- ^ a b Rose EA, Porcerelli JH, Neale AV (2000). "Pica: Common but commonly missed". The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice. 13 (5): 353–8. PMID 11001006.
- ^ Michalska, Aneta; Szejko, Natalia; Jakubczyk, Andrzej; Wojnar, Marcin (2016). "Nonspecific eating disorders - a subjective review". Psychiatria Polska. 50 (3): 497–507. doi:10.12740/PP/59217. ISSN 2391-5854. PMID 27556109.