User:Mr. Ibrahem/Norepinephrine

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Norepinephrine
Clinical data
Trade namesLevarterenol, Levophed, Norepin, other
Other namesNoradrenaline
(R)-(–)-Norepinephrine
l-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration		Intravenous
Drug classAdrenergic agonist (alpha and beta)[1]
Physiological data
Target tissuesSystem-wide
Receptorsα1, α2, β1, β3
AgonistsSympathomimetic drugs, clonidine, isoprenaline
AntagonistsTricyclic antidepressants, Beta blockers, antipsychotics
MetabolismMAO-A; COMT
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismMAO-A; COMT
ExcretionUrine (84–96%)
Identifiers
  • 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H11NO3
Molar mass169.180 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Density1.397±0.06 g/cm3
Melting point217 °C (423 °F) (decomposes)
Boiling point442.6 °C (828.7 °F) ±40.0°C
  • Oc1ccc(cc1O)[C@@H](O)CN
  • InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2/t8-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a medication used to treat people with very low blood pressure.[1] It is the typical medication used in sepsis if low blood pressure does not improve following intravenous fluids.[5] It is the same molecule as the hormone and neurotransmitter norepinephrine.[1] It is given by slow injection into a vein.[1]

Common side effects include headache, slow heart rate, and anxiety.[1] Other side effects include an irregular heartbeat.[1] If it leaks out of the vein at the site it is being given, norepinephrine can result in limb ischemia.[1] If leakage occurs the use of phentolamine in the area affected may improve outcomes.[1] Norepinephrine works by binding and activating alpha adrenergic receptors.[1]

Norepinephrine was discovered in 1946 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1950.[1][6] It is available as a generic medication.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world as of 2015 is about 0.42 USD per vial of four milligrams.[7] In the United Kingdom this amount costs the NHS about 4.40 pounds.[8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Norepinephrine Bitartrate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  2. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  3. ^ "Norepinephrine - WikEM". wikem.org. Archived from the original on 26 August 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  4. ^ "UpToDate". www.uptodate.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  5. ^ Latifi, Rifat (2016). Surgical Decision Making: Beyond the Evidence Based Surgery. Springer. p. 67. ISBN 9783319298245. Archived from the original on 2017-03-27.
  6. ^ Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences. Academic Press. 2014. p. 224. ISBN 9780123851581. Archived from the original on 2017-03-27.
  7. ^ "Norepinephrine". mshpriceguide.org. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  8. ^ British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 145. ISBN 9780857111562.
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