User:Mr. Ibrahem/Minoxidil
Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Rogaine, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Systemic: Monograph Topical: Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682608 |
License data | |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, topical |
Legal status | |
Legal status |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Metabolism | Primarily liver |
Elimination half-life | 4 hours[1] |
Excretion | Kidney |
Identifiers | |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C9H15N5O |
Molar mass | 209.253 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 248 °C (478 °F) |
Solubility in water | <1 mg/mL (20 °C) |
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Minoxidil is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and male-pattern hair loss.[5][6] For high blood pressure, it is only recommended when severe and not controllable with a diuretic and a beta blocker.[7] For male-pattern hair loss it is effective in both males and females.[6] For high blood pressure it is taken by mouth while for hair loss it is applied to the skin.[7][6]
Common side effects when taken by mouth include swelling, pericardial effusion, hair growth, and nausea.[5] Other side effects may include low white blood cells, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and angina.[7] Common side effects when applied to the skin include itchiness and local irritation.[6] Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear and such use is not recommended.[8] As a high blood pressure medication it works by dilating blood vessels.[1] How it works in hair loss is not entirely clear.[6]
Minoxidil was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979.[5] In the United States it is available as a generic medication by prescription in tablet form and over the counter for use on the skin.[5][6] At a dose of 5 mg per day it costs the NHS about 9 pounds per month as of 2020.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Benowitz, Neal L. (2020). "11. Antihypertensive agents". In Katzung, Bertram G.; Trevor, Anthony J. (eds.). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 183-186. ISBN 978-1-260-45231-0. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
- ^ product, sigma. "M4145 Sigma ≥99% (TLC)". sigmaaldrich.com. sigma. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ^ cayman chemical, company. "safety data sheet" (PDF). caymanchem.com. cayman chemical company. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ^ archives, dailymed. "loniten- minoxidil tablet". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. dailymed. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "Minoxidil Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Minoxidil topical Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d BNF 79. London: Pharmaceutical Press. March 2020. p. 186. ISBN 978-0857113658.
- ^ "Minoxidil (Loniten) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.