User:Mr. Ibrahem/Growth hormone deficiency
| Growth hormone deficiency | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Pituitary dwarfism |
 | |
| Growth hormone | |
| Specialty | Endocrinology |
| Symptoms | Short height[1] |
| Complications | Low blood sugar, high cholesterol levels, poor bone density[1][2] |
| Types | Congenital, acquired[1] |
| Causes | Not enough growth hormone[3] |
| Risk factors | Genetics, trauma, infections, tumors, radiation therapy[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood tests for growth hormone[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Small for gestational age, Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome[2] |
| Treatment | Growth hormone replacement[1] |
| Frequency | Unclear[2] |
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a medical condition due to not enough growth hormone (GH).[3] Generally the most noticeable symptom is a short height.[1] In newborns there may be low blood sugar or a small penis.[2] In adults there may be decreased muscle mass, high cholesterol levels, or poor bone density.[1]
GHD can be present at birth or develop later in life.[1] Causes may include genetics, trauma, infections, tumors, or radiation therapy.[2] Genes that may be involved include GH1, GHRHR, or BTK.[3] In a third of cases no cause is apparent.[2] The underlying mechanism generally involves problems with the pituitary gland.[2] Some cases are associated with a lack of other pituitary hormones, in which case it is known as combined pituitary hormone deficiency.[4] Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure growth hormone levels.[2]
Treatment is by growth hormone replacement.[1] The frequency of the condition is unclear.[2] Most cases are initially noticed in children.[1] The genetic forms are estimated to affect about 1 in 7,000 people.[3] Most types occur equally in males and females though males are more often diagnosed.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Growth hormone deficiency". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program. 2016. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Growth Hormone Deficiency". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2016. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d "isolated growth hormone deficiency". Genetics Home Reference. February 2012. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
- ^ "Combined pituitary hormone deficiency". Genetics Home Reference. August 2010. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2017.