User:Mr. Ibrahem/Choking
| Choking | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Foreign body airway obstruction (FBOA)[1] |
 | |
| A demonstration of abdominal thrusts on a person showing signs of choking | |
| Specialty | Emergency medicine |
| Symptoms | Drooling, coughing, wheezing, stridor, shortness of breath, holding both hands around the throat[2][3] |
| Complications | Unconsciousness[4] |
| Usual onset | Sudden[1] |
| Risk factors | Certain foods, decreased saliva production, Alzheimer, Parkinson disease[2] |
| Treatment | Mild: Encourage coughing, back slaps[4] Severe: <1 year back slaps and chest thrusts; > 1 year abdominal thrusts Unconscious: CPR, laryngoscopy[1][5] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[2] |
| Deaths | 5,000 (USA 2015)[2] |
Choking is when the airway gets blocked such that a person is unable to breathe.[4] Symptoms may include sudden onset of drooling, coughing, wheezing, stridor, shortness of breath, or holding both hands around the front of the throat.[2][3][1] People with mild choking can usually speak or cry while those with severe disease cannot.[4] Without help unconsciousness and death may occur.[4][3]
In young children it most commonly occurs due to food, toys, or a coin; while in old people it generally occurs due to food.[2] Risk factors in the elderly include decreased saliva production, Alzheimer, and Parkinson disease.[2] The underlying mechanism involves a foreign body partly or completely blocking the larynx, trachea, or bronchus.[2] Diagnosis may be supported by asking if a person is choking and them nodding their head.[3]
In those who are still able to cough, one should encourage them to do so; back slaps may be used if this is not sufficient.[4] In those who cannot cough but are still conscious; those under the age of 1 should be given 5 back slaps in a head down position followed by 5 chest thrusts; those over the age of 1 should be given abdominal thrusts.[2] In those who are unconscious CPR should be started beginning with chest compressions followed by checking the mouth for a foreign body, followed by attempts at ventilation.[1] In an unconscious person, looking with a laryngoscope and potential removal with forceps is also recommended.[5]
Choking is relatively common.[2] It most commonly occurs in 1 to 3 year old children and people over the age of 60.[2] In 2015 it resulted in around 5,000 deaths in the United States, making it the 4th leading cause of unintentional death.[2] The condition has been documented since at least 1500 BCE, with the Papyrus Ebers recommending cutting open the airway in the neck as a treatment.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Berg, Marc D.; Schexnayder, Stephen M.; Chameides, Leon; Terry, Mark; Donoghue, Aaron; Hickey, Robert W.; Berg, Robert A.; Sutton, Robert M.; Hazinski, Mary Fran (2 November 2010). "Part 13: Pediatric Basic Life Support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care". Circulation. 122 (18_suppl_3). doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971085.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Duckett, Stephanie A.; Bartman, Marc; Roten, Ryan A. (2022). "Choking". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Part 3: Adult Basic Life Support". Circulation. 102 (suppl_1): I–22. 22 August 2000. doi:10.1161/circ.102.suppl_1.I-22. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f "What should I do if someone is choking?". nhs.uk. 26 June 2018. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ^ a b Gausche-Hill, Marianne (2007). The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Resource. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 699. ISBN 978-0-7637-4414-4. Archived from the original on 2022-04-23. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
- ^ Engs, Ruth Clifford (11 January 2022). Bizarre Medicine: Unusual Treatments and Practices through the Ages. ABC-CLIO. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-4408-7125-2. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.