User:Alexander Doria/sandbox
We write an article on Wikipedia.
The birth of Wikipedia[edit]
Wikipedia has been created in 2001[1].
Bibliography[edit]
The first Homepage of Wikipedia.
Reference[edit]
- ^ Ciffolilli, Andrea (2003-12-01). "Phantom authority, self-selective recruitment and retention of members in virtual communities: The case of Wikipedia". First Monday. 8 (12): 12. doi:10.5210/fm.v8i12.1108.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
The role of the international community[edit]
.jpg)
The Colombian peace process distinguishes itself from other conflicts because of the level of support and involvement of the international community. The role of international community in the peace process was that of a facilitator and guarantor for the peace talks.[1] On January 25, 2016, the Security Council of the United Nations supported the ongoing peace talks in Havana by unanimously adopting resolution A/RES/2261 including the decision to accompany the end of the conflict in Colombia – one of only 14 decisions the Security Council adopted unanimously in its history.[2] After implicit invitation of the conflict parties in section 6.3 of the final agreement, the United Nations currently monitor the conflict parties' compliance with the final agreement in accordance with resolution A/RES/2435.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) served as independent intermediary during the peace talks and provided logistical support. Apart from transporting FARC negotiators to the peace talks in Havana, the ICRC was also involved in several hostage rescues and conducted rescue operations of FARC fighters and Colombian military personnel.[3]
The peace process and the Havana peace talks were supported by the governments of Norway and Cuba that are both guarantors of the final agreement. The involvement of Norway and Cuba contributed to the mutual trust of the conflict parties and to the credibility of the peace process. While the involvement of third parties in the drafting of peace agreements does not alter the legal status of the peace agreement, it contributed to the successful conclusion of the negotiation: The lacking involvement of the international community in the peace negotiations during the presidency of Andrés Pastrana is said to have contributed to the failure of the negotiations.[4]
Norway also contributed to the peace process by sending an investigation team to determine and establish the zones contaminated by anti-personnel mines and other explosives of the civil war.[2] Norway and Cuba both made the peace negotiations possible by providing a meeting venue: The peace talks were formally inaugurated in Oslo, Norway, on October 18, 2012, and then moved to their permanent location in Havana, Cuba.[5]
The governments of Chile and Venezuela served as observer state during the peace talks. The peace process also received the support of a number of other governments in Latin-America such as Venezuela’s President Hugo Chavez, Rafael Correa the President of Ecuador, and Bolivian President Evo Morales.[6]
The Security Council of the United Nations underlined the important role that third countries played during the Colombian peace process in resolution A/RES/2261. According to Juan Manuel Santos, the peace process would not have been successful without the support of the international community[7].
- ^ Sen, Ashish Kumar. "Lessons from Colombia's Peace Process". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 2018-11-01.
- ^ a b Cali, Casa Editorial El País. "Así fue el respaldo internacional al proceso de paz en Colombia". elpais.com.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-11-01.
- ^ Cali, Casa Editorial El País. "Países garantes, los 'bomberos' del proceso de paz". elpais.com.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-11-01.
- ^ Barreto Henriques, Miguel (January 2015). "Los procesos de paz en Colombia y el rol de la comunidad internacional: ¿crónica de un nacimiento anunciado?". Revista Análisis Internacional. 5: 228–230, 236.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
farc-timelinewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Informe-historicowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ ""Sin el respaldo internacional el proceso de paz no tendría éxito": Santos". Noticias RCN (in Spanish). 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2018-11-01.