Wrocław

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"Breslau" redirects here. For other uses, see Breslau (disambiguation).
Wrocław
Main Square
Main Square
Flag of Wrocław
Flag		 Coat of arms of Wrocław
Coat of arms
Motto: Miasto spotkań / Meeting Place
Wrocław (Poland)
Wrocław
Wrocław
Coordinates: 51°6′28″N 17°2′18″E / 51.10778, 17.03833
Country  Poland
Voivodeship Lower Silesian
County city county
Established Tenth century
City rights 1262
Government
 - Mayor Rafał Dutkiewicz
Area
 - City 292.82 km² (113.1 sq mi)
Elevation 111 m (364 ft)
Population (2007)
 - City 689,280
 - Density 2,353.9/km² (6,096.7/sq mi)
 - Metro 1,030,000
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 50-041 to 54-612
Area code(s) +48 71
Car plates DW
Website: http://www.wroclaw.pl
Town square

Wrocław [ˈvrɔt​͡swaf] (Image:Ltspkr.png listen) (German: Breslau (Image:Ltspkr.png listen); Czech: Vratislav; Latin: Vratislavia or Wratislavia; Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief city of the historical region of Lower Silesia in south-western Poland, situated on the Oder (Polish: Odra) river. Over the centuries the city has been part of Poland, Bohemia, Austria, Prussia, and Germany. In 1945, the city was occupied by Poland following the Potsdam Agreement. Since 1999 it has been the capital of Lower Silesian Voivodeship. According to official population figures for 2006, its population is 635,280, making it the fourth largest city in Poland.

Contents

[edit] Etymology

The city's name was first recorded in the year 1000 by Thietmar's Latin chronicle called Thietmari Merseburgensis episcopi Chronicon as Wrotizlawa. The first municipal seal stated Sigillum civitatis Wratislavie. Simplified name is given in 1175 as Wrezlaw, Prezla or Breslaw. The Czech spelling was used in Latin documents as Wratislavia or Vratislavia. At that time, Prezla was used in Middle High German, which became Preßlau. In the middle of the fourteenth century the Early New High German (and later New High German) form of the name Breslau began to replace its earlier versions.

The city is traditionally believed to be named after Wrocisław or Vratislav, often believed to be Duke Vratislaus I of Bohemia. It is also possible that the city was named after the tribal duke of the Silesians or after an early ruler of the city called Vratislav.

The city's name in various foreign languages include in English: Wroclaw, Hungarian: Boroszló, Italian: Breslavia, Latin: Vratislavia or Wratislavia, Hebrew: ורוצלב (Vrotsláv), Slovak: Vratislav or Vroclav, Belarusian: Уроцлаў (Vrotslai), Greek: Βρότσλαβ (Vrotslav), Russian: Вроцлав (Vrotslav); also Бреславль (Breslavl), Serbian: Вроцлав or Vroclav and Ukrainian: Вроцлав (Vrotslav). Names of Wrocław in other languages are also available. . ello

[edit] Climate

Wrocław has been historically considered one of the warmest cities in Poland. Lying in the Lower-Silesian region, one of the warmest in Poland, the mean annual temperature is 8.5 °C.


 Weather averages for Wrocław 
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 2
(34)		 3
(37)		 8
(46)		 13
(56)		 18
(65)		 27
(81)		 29
(84)		 28
(83)		 24
(76)		 14
(57)		 7
(45)		 3
(37)		 13
(55)
Average low °C (°F) -6
(22)		 -4
(24)		 -1
(30)		 5
(41)		 12
(54)		 16
(61)		 17
(63)		 17
(62)		 8
(47)		 5
(40)		 1
(33)		 -3
(26)		 5
(40)
Precipitation cm (inches) 2.8
(1)		 2.6
(1)		 3
(1)		 3.8
(1.1)		 5
(2)		 6.6
(2.1)		 7.6
(2.4)		 7.1
(2.2)		 4.6
(1.5)		 4
(1.3)		 3.8
(1.3)		 3.6
(1.2)		 54.9
(20.3)
Source: Weatherbase[1] 2008-07-30

[edit] Administration

Post-modernist Arkady Complex opened in spring 2007, housing offices, cinemas, shopping malls and even a sharks' aquarium
Aula Leopoldina.
Wrocław University.
Wrocław University of Technology.
Grunwaldzki bridge.
Millennium bridge.
Skating rink in Rynek (Market Square), December 2003.

Wrocław is the capital city of Lower Silesian Voivodeship, a province (voivodeship) created in 1999. It was previously the seat of Wrocław Voivodeship. The city is a separate urban gmina and city county (powiat). It is also the seat of Wrocław County, which adjoins but does not include the city.

Breslau and surrounding villages (today: quarters of Wrocław) at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Source: http://www.breslau-wroclaw.de.

Wrocław is subdivided into five boroughs (dzielnicas):

[edit] Main sights

[edit] Education

Today's Wrocław has ten state-run universities, including:

as well as numerous private institutions of higher education

[edit] Historic institutions

[edit] Economy and transport

Wrocław's major industries were traditionally the manufacture of railroad cars and electronics. The city is served by Wrocław International Airport and a river port.

[edit] Major corporations

  • Whirlpool Polar
  • Volvo Polska sp. z o.o., Wrocław
  • WABCO Polska, Wrocław
  • Siemens, Wrocław
  • Nokia Siemens Networks Sp z o.o
  • Hewlett Packard, Wrocław
  • Google, Wrocław
  • Grupa Lukas, Wrocław
  • AB SA, Wrocław
  • Polifarb Cieszyn-Wrocław SA, Wrocław
  • KOGENERACJA S.A., Wrocław
  • Impel SA, Wrocław
  • Europejski Fundusz Leasingowy SA, Wrocław
  • Telefonia Dialog SA, Wrocław
  • TietoEnator, Wrocław
  • Wrozamet SA, Wrocław
  • American Restaurants sp. z o.o., Wrocław
  • Hutmen SA, Wrocław
  • Fortum Wrocław S.A., Wrocław
  • SAP Polska
  • Hologram Industries Polska
  • Zender sp. z o.o., Wrocław
  • Swiftway / Eureka Solutions sp. z o.o., Wrocław
  • MSI (Micro Star International) Polska Sp. z o. o.
  • Cargill Poland

[edit] Religion

Like all of Poland, Wrocław's population is predominantly Roman Catholic; the city is the seat of an Archdiocese. However, post-war resettlements from Poland's ethnically and religiously more diverse former eastern territories (Polish: Kresy) and the eastern parts of post-1945 Poland (see Operation Wisła) account for a comparatively large portion of Greek Catholics and Orthodox Christians of mostly Ukrainian (see Ukrainian minority in Poland) and Lemko descent.

[edit] Professional sports

The Wrocław area has many popular professional sports teams. The most popular sport today is probably basketball, thanks to Śląsk Wrocław, the award-winning men's basketball team (former Polish champions, second-place in 2004). The group D matches of Eurobasket 2009 are scheduled to take place in Wrocław in September 2009. Some matches of the 2012 UEFA European Football Championships in Poland and Ukraine are scheduled to take place in Wrocław.

[edit] Men's sports

  • Śląsk Wrocław - (previous names:BASCO Śląsk Wrocław, ASCO Śląsk Wrocław, Bergson Śląsk Wrocław, Era Śląsk Wrocław, Deichmann Śląsk Wrocław, Idea Śląsk Wrocław, Zepter Idea Śląsk Wrocław, Zepter Śląsk Wrocław, Śląsk ESKA Wrocław, Śląsk Wrocław, CWKS Wrocław) men's basketball team, 17 times Polish Champion, 6 times runner-up, 14 times third place; 12 times Polish Cup winner
  • Śląsk Wrocław - men's football team (Polish Championship in Football 1977; Polish Cup winner 1976, 1987; Polish SuperCup winner 1987) (2nd league from 2005 to 2007)
  • Śląsk Wrocław - men's handball team (1st league in season 2008/2009)
  • Atlas volleyball team playing in Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkówki, PLS: Seria A in 2006/2007, Seria B in 2008/2009 season).
  • [1]The CREW - American Football Club - Champion of Polish American Football League 2007, First polish team played in Europen Competitions EFAF Cup in 2008.

[edit] Women's sports


After the sports the people who participate in these events are given a [[snoofly snorglen]] to hold and after they will eat the snoofly snorgen.

[edit] Twin towns and partnerships

Wrocław is twinned with:[2]

Twin towns:

Partnership:

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Wrocław, Poland" (in English). Retrieved on 30 July, 2008.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Wrocław Official Website - Partnership Cities of Wrocław". (in English, German, French and Polish) © 2007 Wrocław Municipality. Retrieved on 2008-10-23.
  3. ^ "Ramat Gan Sister Cities". Retrieved on 2008-11-01.

[edit] Further reading

[edit] English language

[edit] Polish language

  • Długoborski, Wacław; Józef Gierowski, Karol Maleczyński (1958). Dzieje Wrocławia do roku 1807. Warszawa: PWN. 
  • Harasimowicz, Jan; Włodzimierz Suleja (eds.) (2001). Encyklopedia Wrocławia. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. ISBN 83-7384-561-5. 
  • Maleczyński, Karol; Marian Morelowski, Anna Ptaszycka (1956). Wrocław. Rozwój urbanistyczny. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Budownictwo i Architektura. 
  • Kulak, Teresa (2006). Wrocław. Przewodnik historyczny (A to Polska właśnie). Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie. ISBN 8373844724. 
  • Świechowski, Zygmunt (ed.) (1978). Wrocław, jego dzieje i kultura. Warszawa: Arkady. 
  • Orzechowicz, Marian (1960). Szkice z dziejów polonii wrocławskiej. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolinskick-Wydawnictwo, 1960. ISBN 83-7384-561-5. 

[edit] German language

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Breslau.
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 Administrative divisions of Poland since 1999
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Wrocław (capital) • Jelenia Góra • Legnica
 Coat of arms of Lower Silesian Voivodeship
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Wrocław County

Urban-rural gminas: Gmina Kąty Wrocławskie • Gmina Sobótka • Gmina Święta Katarzyna

Rural gminas: Gmina Czernica • Gmina Długołęka • Gmina Jordanów Śląski • Gmina Kobierzyce • Gmina Mietków • Gmina Żórawina

Seat (not part of the county): Wrocław

Coordinates: 51°07′N 17°02′E / 51.117, 17.033

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw"
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