User:Mr. Ibrahem/Theophylline

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Mr. Ibrahem/Theophylline
Clinical data
Trade namesTheolair, Slo-Bid, others
Other names1,3-dimethylxanthine
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa681006
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth, IV[2]
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability100% (IV)
Protein binding40% (primarily to albumin)
MetabolismLiver to 1-methyluric acid
Elimination half-life5–8 hours
Identifiers
  • 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC7H8N4O2
Molar mass180.167 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Cn1c2c(c(=O)n(c1=O)C)[nH]cn2
  • InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-5-4(8-3-9-5)6(12)11(2)7(10)13/h3H,1-2H3,(H,8,9) checkY
  • Key:ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Theophylline, sold under various brand names, is a medication used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.[2] Use has largely been replaced by other bronchodilators with greater safety.[3] It is used by mouth or by injection into a vein.[2] Theophylline blood levels require periodic monitoring.[4]

Common side effects include nausea, headache, trouble sleeping, abdominal pain, palpitations, and diarrhea.[2] Severe side effects may include low blood potassium.[4] Excessive doses can result in severe side effects.[4] The dose may need to be adjusted depending on if someone smokes, uses alcohol, or has liver or heart problems.[4] Use during pregnancy is of unclear safety.[1] It is in the xanthine family of medications.[2] How it works is not entirely clear.[2]

Theophylline was isolated in 1888 from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis).[3] It is available as a generic medication.[2] In the United Kingdom a month of medication costs the NHS about 5 pounds.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Theophylline Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Theophyllines Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  3. ^ a b Sneader, Walter (2005). Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-471-89979-2. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
  4. ^ a b c d e BNF 79 : March 2020. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society. 2020. p. 282. ISBN 9780857113658.
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