User:Mr. Ibrahem/Risperidone

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Mr. Ibrahem/Risperidone
Clinical data
Trade namesRisperdal, others[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa694015
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration		By mouth (tablets and liquid form), intramuscular injection
Drug classAtypical antipsychotic[2]
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability70% (by mouth)[2]
MetabolismLiver (CYP2D6 mediated to 9-hydroxyrisperidone)[2]
Elimination half-life20 hours (by mouth), 3–6 days (IM)[2]
ExcretionUrinary (70%) feces (14%)[2]
Identifiers
  • 3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC23H27FN4O2
Molar mass410.493 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Cc1c(c(=O)n2c(n1)CCCC2)CCN3CCC(CC3)c4c5ccc(cc5on4)F
  • InChI=1S/C23H27FN4O2/c1-15-18(23(29)28-10-3-2-4-21(28)25-15)9-13-27-11-7-16(8-12-27)22-19-6-5-17(24)14-20(19)30-26-22/h5-6,14,16H,2-4,7-13H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Risperidone, sold under the brand name Risperdal among others, is an atypical antipsychotic.[2] It is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism.[2] It is taken either by mouth or by injection into a muscle.[2] The injectable version is long-acting and lasts for about two weeks.[4] When the unpublished literature is included, benefits are lower and harms are greater than when only the published literature is looked at.[5]

Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, dizziness, trouble seeing, constipation, and increased weight.[2][6] Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, as well as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, an increased risk of suicide, and high blood sugar levels.[2][4] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia, it may increase the risk of dying.[2] It is unknown if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[2] Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear, but is believed to be related to its action as a dopamine antagonist and serotonin antagonist.[2]

Study of risperidone began in the late 1980s and it was approved for sale in the United States in 1993.[2][7][8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] It is available as a generic medication.[4] The wholesale price in the developing world is between US$0.01 and US$0.60 per day as of 2014.[10] The cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is between US$100−200 as of 2015.[4] In 2020, it was the 138th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.[11][12]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Drugs.com International trade names for risperidone Archived 2016-03-18 at the Wayback Machine Page accessed March 15, 2016
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Risperidone". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2015-12-02. Retrieved Dec 1, 2015.
  3. ^ a b "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 434–435. ISBN 9781284057560.
  5. ^ Hodkinson, A; Heneghan, C; Mahtani, KR; Kontopantelis, E; Panagioti, M (25 August 2021). "Benefits and harms of Risperidone and Paliperidone for treatment of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis involving individual participant data and clinical study reports". BMC medicine. 19 (1): 195. doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02062-w. PMID 34429113.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ Hasnain M, Vieweg WV, Hollett B (July 2012). "Weight gain and glucose dysregulation with second-generation antipsychotics and antidepressants: a review for primary care physicians". Postgraduate Medicine. 124 (4): 154–67. doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.07.2577. PMID 22913904.
  7. ^ Schatzberg, Alan F; Nemeroff, Charles B (2009). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychopharmacology (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Pub. p. 627. ISBN 9781585623099.
  8. ^ "Risperdal- risperidone tablet Risperdal M-Tab- risperidone tablet, orally disintegrating Risperdal- risperidone solution". DailyMed. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  9. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  10. ^ "Risperidone". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  11. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  12. ^ "Risperidone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
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