User:Mr. Ibrahem/Chlordiazepoxide

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Mr. Ibrahem/Chlordiazepoxide
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌklɔːrdaɪ.əzɪˈpɒksaɪd/
Trade namesLibrium, others
Other namesMethaminodiazepoxide[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682078
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intramuscular
Drug classBenzodiazepine
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismLiver
Onset of actionRapid[2]
Elimination half-life5–30 hours (Active metabolite desmethyldiazepam 36–200 hours: other active metabolites oxazepam)
Duration of action48 to 72 hr[2]
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • 7-Chloro-2-methylamino-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-oxide
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H14ClN3O
Molar mass299.76 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • ClC1=CC2=C(N=C(NC)C[N+]([O-])=C2C3=CC=CC=C3)C=C1
  • InChI=1S/C16H14ClN3O/c1-18-15-10-20(21)16(11-5-3-2-4-6-11)13-9-12(17)7-8-14(13)19-15/h2-9H,10H2,1H3,(H,18,19) checkY
  • Key:ANTSCNMPPGJYLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Chlordiazepoxide, sold under the trade name Librium among others, is a medication of the benzodiazepine type, used to treat alcohol withdrawal and anxiety disorders.[3] It is generally taken by mouth.[3] Use is recommended for less than 4 weeks.[4] Onset of effects are rapid and last for up to three days.[2]

Common side effects include sleepiness, poor coordination, and confusion.[3] Other side effects may include movement disorders, erectile dysfunction, and bone marrow problems.[5] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby and it is not recommended during breastfeeding.[3][5] Smaller doses are recommended in those with liver problems.[5] Chlordiazepoxide, together with its metabolites, has a long half life.[3]

Chlordiazepoxide was patented in 1958 and approved for medical use in 1960.[6] It was the first benzodiazepine and discovered by chance.[1] It is avaliable as a generic medication.[5] In the United Kingdom 100 tablets of 10 mg cost the NHS about 18 pounds as of 2020.[5] This amount in the United States costs about 13 USD as of 2020.[7]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Ban TA (2006). "The role of serendipity in drug discovery". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 8 (3): 335–44. PMC 3181823. PMID 17117615.
  2. ^ a b c Frandsen, Geralyn; Pennington, Sandra Smith (2014). Abrams' Clinical Drug Therapy: Rationales for Nursing Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1060. ISBN 978-1-60913-711-3. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Chlordiazepoxide Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  4. ^ "Chlordiazepoxide 10mg Capsules - Summary of Product Characteristics". UK Electronic Medicines Compendium. 19 December 2012. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e BNF 79 : March 2020. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society. 2020. p. 352. ISBN 9780857113658.
  6. ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 535. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  7. ^ "Chlordiazepoxide Prices and Chlordiazepoxide Coupons". GoodRx. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
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