User:Mr. Ibrahem/Bacterial tracheitis

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Mr. Ibrahem/Bacterial tracheitis
Other namesTracheitis, inflammation of the trachea, membranous laryngotracheobronchitis, exudative tracheitis[1][2]
An anatomical diagram of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lung roots on a white background. The larynx is located at the top of the image, it is colored a light gray to indicate that it is made of cartilage. The trachea extends down from the larynx as a pink colored tube that is encircled by the tracheal cartilages, which are a series of ring-like structures (also colored gray). The trachea terminates at the carina, which is a bifurcation where the trachea splits into the left and right primary bronchi. The each primary bronchi enters the corresponding lung at the lung roots, before then splitting further into the secondary bronchi. The right lung is colored a redder shade of pink than the trachea. The left lung is a bluer, almost purple, shade of pink. As is normal for anatomical images; the left side is depicted on the right of the image, and vice versa.
Anatomy of the trachea
SpecialtyPediatrics, ENT surgery
SymptomsStridor, fever, productive cough, pain[2]
ComplicationsAirway obstruction, tracheal stenosis[2]
Risk factorsFollowing viral upper respiratory infections, endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy, poor immune function[2][3]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms[3]
Differential diagnosisEpiglottitis, croup, candidiasis, diphtheria, retropharyngeal abscess, viral laryngitis[2]
TreatmentAntibiotics, endotracheal intubation[3]
FrequencyRare[3]

Bacterial tracheitis is a bacterial infection of the trachea.[1] Symptoms may include stridor, fever, productive cough, and pain.[2] Complications can include airway obstruction or tracheal stenosis.[2]

It may occur following croup or other viral upper respiratory infections.[2][3] Other risk factors include endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy, and poor immune function.[2][3] The bacterial most commonly involved include Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci.[3] Diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and may be confirmed by bronchoscopy or X-rays.[3]

Treatment involves antibiotics and occasionally endotracheal intubation.[3] Antibiotics that may be used include ceftriaxone with vancomycin or amoxicillin/clavulanate.[2] Inhaled epinephrine is not useful.[2] While outcomes with treatment are generally good, people may still die as a result.[2]

Bacterial tracheitis is rare, affecting about 1 to 10 per million children per year.[3][2] It most commonly affects young children between the age of 3 and 8 years old.[2] Males may be more commonly affected than females.[2] It occurs more commonly in the fall and winter.[2] The condition was first described in the 1920s.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Bacterial Tracheitis". www.dynamed.com. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Burton, LV; Lofgren, DH; Silberman, M (January 2022). "Bacterial Tracheitis". PMID 29262085. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Bacterial Tracheitis - Children's Health Issues". MSD Manual Consumer Version. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
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