User:Mr. Ibrahem/Ankle fracture
| Ankle fracture | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Broken ankle[1] |
 | |
| Fracture of both sides of the ankle with dislocation as seen on anteroposterior X-ray. (1) fibula, (2) tibia, (arrow) medial malleolus, (arrowhead) lateral malleolus | |
| Specialty | Orthopedics |
| Symptoms | Pain, swelling, bruising, inability to walk[1] |
| Complications | High ankle sprain, compartment syndrome, decreased range of motion, malunion[1][2] |
| Usual onset | Young males, older females[2] |
| Types | Lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, posterior malleolus, bimalleolar, trimalleolar[1] |
| Causes | Rolling the ankle, blunt trauma[2] |
| Diagnostic method | X-rays based on the Ottawa ankle rule[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Rheumatoid arthritis, gout, septic arthritis, Achilles tendon rupture[2] |
| Treatment | Splinting, casting, surgery[1] |
| Frequency | ~1 per 1000/year[2] |
An ankle fracture is a break of one or more ankle bones.[1] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, and an inability to walk on the leg.[1] Complications may include an associated high ankle sprain, compartment syndrome, decreased range of motion, and malunion.[1][2]
The cause may include excessive stress on the joint such as from rolling an ankle or blunt trauma.[2][1] Types include lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, posterior malleolus, bimalleolar, and trimalleolar fractures.[1] The need for X-rays may be determined by the Ottawa ankle rule.[2]
Treatment is with splinting, casting, or surgery.[1] Ruling out other injuries may also be required.[2] Significant recovery generally occurs within four months; however, completely recovery may take up to two years.[1] They occur in about 1.7 per 1000 adults and 1 per 1000 children per year.[3][2] They occur most commonly in young males and older females.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Ankle Fractures (Broken Ankle) - OrthoInfo - AAOS". www.orthoinfo.org. Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wire, Jessica (9 May 2019). "Ankle Fractures". StatPearls. PMID 31194464.
- ^ Yeung, DE; Jia, X; Miller, CA; Barker, SL (1 April 2016). "Interventions for treating ankle fractures in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4: CD010836. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010836.pub2. PMC 7111433. PMID 27033333.