User:Mr. Ibrahem/Angina
| Angina | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Angina pectoris |
 | |
| Diagram of discomfort caused by coronary artery disease. Pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the center of the chest. Can also feel discomfort in the neck, jaw, shoulders, back or arms | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
| Types | Stable, unstable, variant[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, pericarditis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pneumothorax, chest wall pain, anxiety[1][2] |
| Treatment | Lifestyles changes, medications, surgery[3] |
| Medication | Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, aspirin, statins, ACE inhibitors, nitroglycerin[4] |
| Frequency | 3.5% (Stable, Western world)[1] |
Angina is chest pain, pressure, or tightness due to not enough blood flow to the heart muscle.[1][3] The discomfort may radiate to the jaw or arm.[1] There may be associated shortness of breath, sweating, or nausea.[1] If it only occurs with exercise or stress and resolves within a few minutes of rest it is stable angina.[3] If it occurs unpredictably, at rest, or does not rapidly resolve with rest it is unstable angina.[3][1]
Angina is usually due to obstruction and vasospasm of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.[1] Risk factors include hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, tobacco use, diabetes, and obesity.[1] Other factors that increase the risk include anemia, abnormal heart rhythms, heart failure, and high blood pressure.[2] Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, pericarditis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pneumothorax, chest wall pain, and anxiety.[1][2]
Treatment may include lifestyles changes and medication.[3] Medicines used to prevent attacks and complications include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, aspirin, statins, and ACE inhibitors.[4] Acute attacks may be treated with nitroglycerin.[4] If these are not sufficient surgery may be recommended.[4] With treatment outcomes may be good.[3]
In the Western world 3.5% of people have stable angina.[1] It is more common in older people with rates in men over 65 at 15% and women at 11%.[1] The term derives from the Latin angere ("to strangle") and pectus ("chest"), and can therefore be translated as "a strangling feeling in the chest".[5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Hermiz, C; Sedhai, YR (January 2020). "Angina". PMID 32491604.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Goyal, A; Zeltser, R (January 2020). "Unstable Angina". PMID 28723029.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f "Angina". nhs.uk. 20 October 2017. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Angina - Treatment". nhs.uk. 20 October 2017. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ Padsalgikar, Ajay (2017). Plastics in Medical Devices for Cardiovascular Applications. Elsevier Science. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-323-37122-3. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2020.