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Poland and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

Background

Geography

• North European Plain, European Plain
• Carpathian mountains
  • Kaliningrad, Poland–Russia border, Lithuania–Poland border, Suwałki Gap

Polish international relations

• Polish-Ukrainian relations (pre-invasion)
• Polish-Russian relations (pre-invasion)
• Polish-Belarusian relations (pre-invasion)
  • 2021–2022 Belarus–European Union border crisis
• Polish-Hungarian relations (pre-invasion)

Prelude to the 2022 invasion

• Polish President goes to Winter Olympics in China to talk to Xi Jinping
  • List of projects of the Belt and Road Initiative

Poland during the first stage of the invasion

• Visit of Polish, Czech, and Slovenian heads of states with Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kiev during the Kyiv offensive (2022).

Ukrainian refugee crisis

Main articles: 2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis and Refugees in Poland

Poland, Ukraine, Russia energy/oil

See also: 2022 Russia–European Union gas dispute

• Poland's preparations for becoming independent of Russian natural gas. Infrastructure such as pipelines and LNG terminals.
• Russia stops supplying natural gas to Poland (and Bulgaria).

• Ukraine's sources of energy before the invasion.
• How these sources were cut off by the Russian naval blockade.
• Post-invasion energy shortages in Ukraine.
• Infeasibility of transferring oil to West Ukraine from Romania, Hungary, or Slovakia due to the Carpathian mountains.
• Sudden dependence on Poland for energy supply, and the limited pre-invasion infrastructure for transferring oil and energy from Poland to Ukraine.

Military aid to Ukraine

• Hungary not allowing military aid to Ukraine to pass through Hungarian territory.
• Strain in Polish-Hungarian relations.
• Polish military aid to Ukraine:
  • Piorun (missile)
  • Proposed transfer of Polish MiG-29 fighter jets to Ukraine.
  • 240+ Polish T-72 tanks sent to Ukraine. Lack of replacements.

Changes to the Polish armed forces

• Increase in Polish active-duty personnel from 113,000 to 250,000.
• Increase in Polish territorial personnel from 30,000 to 50,000.
• Increase in Polish defense spending from 2% to 3%.
• Poland buying U.S. military equipment.

Transit of non-Polish military aid to Ukraine through Polish territory

• Supply lines from Poland to L'viv and West Ukraine.

Increased NATO presence in Poland

• NATO forces in Poland

At the 2022 NATO Madrid summit, U.S. President Joe Biden announced that a new permanent U.S. military base will be established in Poland - the 5th Army's Headquarters. The 5th Army has had a forward command post in the Poznań since last year. Poland's government has long requested such a base. (Reuters) (Notes from Poland) (DoD)

See also

• China and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine