User:Maxcrc/Africa

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The following table lists records of extreme temperature in territories of Africa.


Territory Lowest Temperature Highest Temperature
T°C Place Date T°C Place Date
Africa -25.5 Dayet Hachlaf  Morocco 2 February 1935 51.3 Ouargla  Algeria 5 July 2018
 Algeria -20.0 Batna Batna province [1] 4 January 1945 51.3 Ouargla Ouargla province [2] 5 July 2018
 Angola -3.9 Mavinga [3] 15 June 1968 41.6 Espinheira [4] 22 March 2019
 Benin 8.5 Kandi [5] 12 January 1957 44.5 Kandi [6] 28 April 1952
 Botswana -10.6 Tsabong [7] 30 July 1953 43.8 Maun [8] 7 January 2016
Norway Bouvet Island (Bouvetøya) (Nor.) -18.7 Nyrøsa [9] 8 September and 9 September 2005 10.6 Nyrøsa [10] 12 and 13 December 2004 and 13 March 2005
 Burkina Faso 5.0 Markoye [11] January 1975 47.5 Dori [12] 13 April 2016
 Burundi -0.9 Gisozi [13] July 1956 37.5 Mparambo [14] 10 October 1969 and 11 October 1974
 Cameroon -0.7 Bénoué River Adamawa Plateau [15] 2 January 1892 47.7 Kousseri [16] 18 April 1908
 Canary Islands (Sp.) -16.8 Teide Peak [17] 18 January 1994 48 Arrecife Lanzarote [18][19] 20 July 1953
 Cape Verde 5.0 Monte Velha Fogo [20] March 1943 37.3 Praia [21] 1 September 2004
 Central African Republic 3.1 Birao [22] 19 January 1956 45.0 Birao [23] 22 March 1985
 Chad -5.0 Wour [24] January 1934 48 Faya (Faya-Largeau) [25] 25 May 2023, 16 June 2023 and 24 April 2024
 Comoros 13.7 Ouani Anjouan Island 36.2 Moroni Airport Grande Comore Island 12 March 2024
 Republic of the Congo 8.9 Sibiti [26] 28 July 1954 39.6 Impfondo [27] 13 March 2024
 Democratic Republic of the Congo -2.8 Kisanga Katanga province [28] August 1955 40.6 Kulu [29] 22 March 1936
 Ivory Coast 6.0 Man[30] 10 and 11 January 1957 41.5 Odienné [31] 5 February 1998
 Djibouti 11.0 Dikhil [32] 18 December 2010 47.3 Djibouti Serpent [33] July 1915
 Egypt -8.8 Qal’at an-Nakhl (Nakhl) Shamal Sina' (Northern Sinai) governorate [34] 16 January 2008 50.3 Kharga [35] 9 June 1961
 Equatorial Guinea 8 Valle de Moka Bioko [36] 35.6 Bata [18] [37] February 1957
 Eritrea -4.0 Asmara Airport [38] 22 January 1989 48.0 Massawa [39] 18 August 1960
 Ethiopia -8.0 Debre Birhan [40] 10 December 2013 48.9 Dallol Afar region [41] May 1962 and July 1966
 French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Fr.) [42] -9.5 Base de Port-aux-Français Kerguelen [43] 11 August 2014 36.0 Juan de Nova Island [12][44] 20 January 2021
 Gabon 10.0 Mékambo [45] 30 July 1964 37.5 Tchibanga [46] 6 May 2008
 Gambia 4.4 Boraba [47] February 1904 46.8 Kuntaur 14 May 2002
Jenoi [48] 14 April 2000
 Ghana 6.7 Bui January 1957 44.2 Navrongo [49] 19 April 2010
 Guinea 1.4 Mali-ville [50] January 2009 45.0 Koundara [51] 28 April 2003 and 29 March 2017
 Guinea-Bissau 7.0 Farim [52] 31 January 1961 43.6 Bafatá [53] 18 March 1969
 Kenya -3.3 Ettrick Estate [54] 42.6 Wajir [55] 24 February 2007
 Lesotho -20.4 Letseng-la-Draai (Letseng-la-Terae) [56] 12 June 1967 39.4 Maseru [57] 19 January 1973
 Liberia 4.4 Voinjama [58] 40.0 Ganta [59]
Tapeta
 Libya -9.0 Hūn [60][61] 10 January 1938 50.2 Zuara [62] 26 June 1995
 Madagascar -8.5 Nanokely Antananarivo province [63][64][65] 23 July 1963 and August 1964 43.6 Ejeda [66][67]
 Madeira (Port.) -9.5 Bica da Cana [68] 5 March 1993 39.1 Quinta Grande [69] 27 June 2023
 Malawi -6.7 Chelinda [70] July 1975 46 Chingala [71] November 1969
Nkate November 1969 and November 1972
Nsanje 29 October 2019
 Mali 0.5 Kidal Kidal region 1 February 1928 48.5 Kayes [72] 3 April 2024
 Mauritius 6.5 Belle Rive Quartier Militaire town [73] 20 July 1986 38 Port Louis [73][74] January 1957
 Mauritania 1.0 Bir_Moghrein Tiris Zemmour region [75] 27 and 31 December 1946 50.0 Akjoujt Inchiri region [76] 27 July 1939
 Mayotte (Fr) 14.5 Vahibe Prima 13 July 2010 36.4 Trevani 14 April 2020
 Morocco -25.5 Dayet Hachlaf [77] 2 February 1935 50.4 Agadir [78] 11 August 2023
 Mozambique -2.8 Mauè Tete province [79] 17 July 1947 47.3 Chibuto [79][80] 12 December 1944
 Namibia -10.5 Rohrbeck Farm (Stampriet) Hardap region[81] 2 August 1974 47.8 Noordoewer Karas region
 Niger -2.4 Bilma Agadez department [82] 13 January 1995 49.0 Bilma Agadez department 8 June 2016
 Nigeria 1.1 Jos [83] January 1995 46.4 Yola [84] 3 April 2010
 Réunion (Fr) -5.0 Gite de Bellecombe [85] 10 September 1975 37.0 Pointe des Trois Bassins [86] 25 January 2019
 Rwanda 0.0 Ruhondo [87] 35.4 Kigali Airport [88] 22 February 2005
Kinigi [89]
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (UK) -2.7 Gough Island [12] 29 August 1967 34.9 Georgetown Ascension[90] 25 March 2010
 São Tomé and Príncipe 8.7 Monte Café São Tomé [91][92] 36.0 São Tomé São Tomé [93] February 1998
 Senegal 4.2 Diourbel 2 January 1947 48.8 Matam [94] 26 May 1993
 Seychelles 17.5 Aldabra Atoll [95] June 1969 36.3 Aldabra Atoll [96] January 1968
 Sierra Leone 5.0 Kabala [97] 40.0 Njala,Daru and Mano [98]
 Somalia 5.6 Qardho 45.3 Bosaso [99]
 Somaliland (Somalia) -3.3 Erigavo [100] various dates 47.8 Berbera [101] 8 June 2004
 South Africa -20.1 Buffelsfontein [102] 23 August 2013 48.8 Vioolsdrif [103] 3 January 1993
 Southern Sudan 3.6 Raga 28 December 1961 47.3 Renk 19 March 1985
 Sudan -1.0 Zalingei [104] December 1961 and January 1962 49.7 Dongola [105] 22 June 2010
 Eswatini -6.1 Mbabane [106] 22 July 1957 47.4 Lavumisa [107]
 Tanzania -5.5 Mbeya [108][109] 28 July 1975 39.4 Kisauni Airport,Zanzibar [110] 27 February 2007
 Togo 9.8 Palimé (Kpalimé) [111] 28 January 1911 44.0 Sansanné-Mango [112] 31 March 2024
 Tunisia -10.3 Bou Chebka [113] 17 January 1891 50.3 Kairouan [114][115] 11 August 2021
 Uganda 2.8 Kabale [116] 15 August 1936 40.0 Kitgum [117][118] February 2005
 Western Sahara (Mor.) 2.8 al-‘Ayūn (Laâyoune) [119] 20 December 1967 50.7 as-Samārah(Smara) [18] 13 July 1961
as-Samārah(Smara)
 Zambia -7.2 Sesheke [120] 16 June 1968 44.4 Luangwa [121]
 Zimbabwe -12.7 Matobo Hills Matabeleland South province June 1968 47.6 Buffalo Range [122] 28 October 2019

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ Bulletin Mensuel 1945, Algérie du Nord, Institut de Météorologie et de Physique du Globe de l’Algérie, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 January 2007. This reading has been questioned for possible overexposure.
  2. ^ Temperatures between 53°C and 57°C have been reported from various places in Algeria including Tindouf, Timimoun, Ouargla (Warqlā) and Touggourt but none was recorded under standard conditions.
  3. ^ Elementos Meteorológicos e Climatológicos Angola 1947, Colonia de Angola, Serviço Meteorológico, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 25 January 2007. For not inhabited areas,-4.1C was recorded in the Bicuari National Park on 21 July 2016. -4.0C recorded at Pereira de Eca on 5 and 6 August 1939,-5.0C at Silva Porto and other lower temperatures in Quipungo and Capelongo were affected by overexposure.
  4. ^ 42.0C was recorded at Namuculungo on October 29th,1950,but it has not been possible to verify the correctness of this station.Data from Mocamedes in 2018 is possibly unreliable.42.0C at Mocamedes in June 2018 is also unreliable.
  5. ^ Unofficial temperatures as low as 6C have been recorded in the Borgou department.
  6. ^ Annales des Services Météorologique de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1959, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. This record , along with some temperatures of that month April 1952,has to be considered suspicious. Next highest temperature recorded in Benin, always at Kandi, was 43.9C on April 19th,1983.
  7. ^ Botswana’s Climate, Meteorological Services, Botswana. Retrieved 28 January 2007. An absolute old record of -15.2C claimed at Tshabong is probably unreliable.
  8. ^ 44.3C was also recorded on the same day in the private station of Ramotswa. 43.9C at Ghanzi on February 25th 1922 was likely affected by overexposure.A 43.9C at Gabarone in December 1948 was a type error (111F insted the correct 101F).A 44.4C claimed at Palapye in 1945 is wrong.
  9. ^ Form to get daily summaries from synop reports, OGIMet. Retrieved 17 October 2010.Note:Bouvet Island is geologically considered part of Antarctica.
  10. ^ 14C claimed to have been recorded in March 1980 was in reality a ground temperature.
  11. ^ 2.9°C reported from Banankeledara (Banankélédaga),near Bobo_Dioulasso,on 29 January 1961, and 5.0°C reported from the same place in 1971 are probably unreliable.
  12. ^ a b c Climate Explorer, The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Higher temperatures for Fada Ngourma and the capital Ouagadougou of 48C were recorded in the first half of the XIX century with not proper instruments.
  13. ^ http://climateofburundi.altervista.org
  14. ^ Simone di Prima,climatologist.
  15. ^ This reading was recorded on the source of the Bénoué River;on the same day the same temperature was also recorded on the edge of the Yerna,also in the Adamawa Plateau. -2.7°C has been recorded on the summit of Fako Peak, Mount Cameroon. 3.2°C is the lowest temperature recorded at Ngaoundéré ,the lowest in a inhabited place on 19 January 1892.
  16. ^ http://www.ub.bildarchiv-dkg.uni-frankfurt.de/Bildprojekt/Lexikon/php/suche_db.php?suchname=Kamerun. There are some doubts about the correct exposure of the instrument used. Lately, 45.9C were recorded at Maroua in May 1937.
  17. ^ A low temperature of -21C was recorded in a sinkhole called Canada de la Grieta in 1912.Lowest temperature recorded at low elevation was -2C at La Vegueta ,Lanzarote Island in January 1957,while the lowest temperature ever recorded at an inhabited place was -4.0C at Cruz de Tejeda on 21 January 1997.
  18. ^ a b c Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (España)
  19. ^ 49.0C recorded at Sabinar Lomo Negro,Hierro Island on 6 September 1986 have been discharged by official authorities. This reading is unofficial and dubious. The official record for the Canary Islands is 47.5C at Barranco de Masca ,near Buenavista in Tenerife Island on 17 July 1978, but that reading itself is dubious.
  20. ^ Anais Meteorológicos das Colónias, Relativos a 1943, Ministérios das Colónias, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
  21. ^ Higher records taken at higher elevation as high as 40C are not believed to be reliable. Many other readings are errors. Other temperatures around 38C at Praia and Mindelo might be correct.
  22. ^ Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1956, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 5 February 2006. This temperature is suspicious since it is not supported by nearby stations. Next lowest reading is 4.2C , always at Birao.
  23. ^ Historical Weather: Birao, Central African Republic, El Tiempo. Retrieved 4 February 2007. A temperature of 45.1C recorded in March 1902 at Mobaye was recorded under not proper exposure conditions.
  24. ^ This readings, recorded in early 1934, is little bit suspicious. -4.5C was recorded at Bardai in 1968. Low temperatures recorded at Faya in the early 50s were taken with not proper exposure conditions.Lowest reliable reading in the lowland is 4.5C at Faya on December 26th,1968. A temperature of -6.8C was recorded at high elevation in Trou Au Natron.Also,unofficial temperatures as low as -10C have been recorded in the Tibesti Mountains.
  25. ^ Notes:Temperatures recorded in 1952 of 49.7C were taken with dubious exposure conditions.Generally speaking, Chad has not many stations for its huge area and most of old data was taken with not proper exposure conditions. Moreover, many stations have incomplete data due to civil wars, therefore real Chadian extremes are potentially more extremes than highest/lowest temperatures recorded in standard conditions.
  26. ^ Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1954, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 29 October 2006.
  27. ^ Republic of Congo Meteoreological Services. A temperature of 41.0C given at Ouesso in 1950 is to be considered recorded with faulty instruments.
  28. ^ Temperatures as low as -4C have been reported in the Katanga Highlands.
  29. ^ 41C reported from Yahila and from Boma are unreliable.
  30. ^ GSOD Data for Man.
  31. ^ Higher temperatures recorded in early 40s were taken under not proper exposure conditions.
  32. ^ Résumé Mensuel de Temps 1964, Côte Française des Somalis, Service Météorologique, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 17 February 2007. In the small village of Airolaf,located at 1400m asl, winter night temperatures might fall between 0C and 5C.
  33. ^ 49.5°C reported from Djibouti-Serpent in July 1934 and from Tadjourah in July 1951 are probably unreliable. Temperatures above 50C are believed to be reached in the depression around the Lac Assal.
  34. ^ Temperatures of -15°C have been reported at high altitude on Jabal Zubayr on 13 January and 16 February 1934.
  35. ^ NCDC Rescue Data for Egypt Year 1961. Readings of 51.0C and 50.6C at Aswan in the first half of the century were taken under not proper exposure conditions, at only 1.2-1.3 meter from the ground with a not ventilated shelter,which is proven to cause a significant overheating in a sandy soil under extreme conditions.
  36. ^ Isla de Bioko, La Web Cultural de Guinea Ecuatorial. Retrieved 24 February 2007. Temperatures as low as 4C have been reported on the top of Basile Peak, although it is believed they can drop to the freezing point in the coldest nights.
  37. ^ A temperature of 36.5C recorded at Malabo on 21 April 2010 is possibly unreliable.
  38. ^ A reading of -4.5C recorded on 6 January of the same year is probably wrong.
  39. ^ This temperature, as almost all data from Eritrea , is considered suspicious and possibly affected by overexposure conditions.A record of 49.1C reported at Nokra was likely taken with not proper instruments.
  40. ^ This was a tied record, albeit it was not possible to retrieve the previous date when this temperature was recordeed first. Temperatures as low as -15C have been recorded at high elevation on the Sanetti Plateau. A record of -8.0C at Jimma was likely taken under not proper exposure conditions.
  41. ^ [wcuvax1.wcu.edu/~strauss/personal/weather/dallolweather.xls Dallol Weather], Bob Strauss, WCU. Retrieved 8 July 2007. Temperatures are believed to reach 51C in some desertic areas.
  42. ^ Data excludes [[Adelie_Land|Adélie Land on the Antarctic mainland.
  43. ^ Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1953, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 5 February 2006.Note:Note:The Kerguelen Islands and Crozet Islands, Île Amsterdam, Île Saint-Paul are geologically considered part of Antarctica.An old unofficial temperature of -10C was also reported at the same location, but that was an old and unverified record.
  44. ^ Higher recorded temperatures are either wrong transcription data or readings taken under not proper exposure conditions.
  45. ^ Géographie et Cartographie du Gabon: Climatologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). Retrieved 7 March 2007.
  46. ^ The instrument at Tchibanga is quite questioned about its reliability and the transmissions are not complete and sometimes possibly faulty. Previous highest temperature in Gabon was recorded at Mouila in February 1961. Higher readings recorded at Libreville and Lambarene in the begin of the XIX century were taken under not standard exposure conditions.
  47. ^ Tables of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Precipitation for the World. Great Britain Meteorological Office (1958-1967).
  48. ^ ftp://ftp.risoe.dk/pub/sys/maxtemp.xls
  49. ^ 47.2C claimed at Kintampo is unreliable.
  50. ^ Quelques Records en Guinée, Météorologie Nationale, République de Guinée. Retrieved 23 February 2007
  51. ^ Boké reported a temperature of 46.5°C on 8 March 1938 but it is a wrong data.
  52. ^ Resultados das observações meteorológicas, 1961, Serviço Meteorológico da Guiné, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  53. ^ Resultados das observações meteorológicas, Março de 1969, Serviço Meteorológico da Guiné, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  54. ^ This temperature was recorded near Eldama Ravine in a experimental farm. 0.0C was recorded at Narok village. Unofficial temperatures of -22°C have been reported on the slopes of the Kirinyaga (Mount Kenya), and -13°C has been reported at 4200m in the Teleki Valley in 1985.
  55. ^ Historical Weather: Wajir, Kenya, El Tiempo. Retrieved 13 March 2007. Temperatures can exceed 43C in the northern desertic plains.
  56. ^ http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/lesnc1.pdf. The readings is also found in some sources rounded at -21C. Temperatures as low as -27.5C were reported at Sani Pass (2800m) but they are dibious.
  57. ^ This reading is probably correct, although for the Lesotho Meteorological Service the official highest temperature is 38.5C, always at Maseru.
  58. ^ The economic history of Liberia By George William Brown.
  59. ^ http://www.archive.org/stream/liberia00stapgoog/liberia00stapgoog_djvu.txt, The data at Sikombe encompasses a short period of time and its data is not fully reliable. 40.6C at Sikombe in 1905 is unreliable,like other temperatures as high as 42C at Sagleipie were taken under not proper exposure conditions.
  60. ^ Cite error: The named reference Guinness was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  61. ^ An unofficial record of -11C is claimed in January 1945 in the Fezzan region. Due to not available official data during that war times, it is unverified.
  62. ^ The recording of 58.0°C at Al Azizia and similar other readings in the first decades of the XX century, were taken under terrible exposure conditions, with a "shelter" of black tarred asphalt overheating the thermometer (at alcohol) by as much as 15C.Libyan official highest temperature ever recorded at Al Azizya is 48.0C. Other readings above 50C at Ghadames and a 53.0C at Zuara in August 1959 are incorrect by mispellings.
  63. ^ Résumé Mensuel du Temps à Madagascar, 1963, Météorologie Nationale, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
  64. ^ Résumé Mensuel du Temps à Madagascar, 1964, Météorologie Nationale, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
  65. ^ -16°C was recorded at the uninhabited La Cuvette du Boby at an elevation of 2470 m on the Andringitra Massif Fianarantsoa province on 1 July 1956 and in 1995.-8.6°C reported from Antsirabe Antananarivo province in August 1915 is probably unreliable.
  66. ^ http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/mdgnc1.pdf Communication Nationale Initiale de Madagascar], United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved 13 July 2007.
  67. ^ Higher temperatures specially for Akzoabo,Tranoroa and Behara were recorded under bad exposure conditions and their readings are unreliable.
  68. ^ This place in not inhabited and may be a sinkhole. Lowest temperature recorded at Funchal was 4.4C.
  69. ^ Unofficial temperatures up to 40C were recorded at Santo da Serra and at Ponta do Sol.
  70. ^ Google Books Search Engine, Google Books. (Orchids of Malawi, by I. La Croix "et al".) Retrieved 24 April 2008. Unofficial temperatures as low as -12C has been reported around Chelinda.
  71. ^ http://library.wur.nl/isric/fulltext/isricu_i7127_001.pdf. Maximum temperatures recorded at Mkombedzi wa Fodya are unreliable.
  72. ^ Readings above 49C recorded at Menaka in June 2008 are believed to be wrong. Several other readings above 48C earlier in the XX century were taken with not proper exposure conditions. A reading of 48.3C at Niouro du Sahel on April 26th,2003 was likely a transmission or synoptical error. Many other higher readings such as 52C at Menaka, 48.5C at Tessalit not to say the absurde temperatures up to 54.4C at Araouane were taken under terrible exposure conditions.
  73. ^ a b Mauritius Meteorological Services.
  74. ^ There are some doubts regarding some temperature data from Port Louis area. Highest reliable temperature in Mauritius 36.6C at Constance on 30 January 2009.
  75. ^ A temperature of 0.0C recorded on December 16th,1962 is quite suspicious for a possible error in the metar of 8am and it has been dropped by Mauritania Meteorological Office.
  76. ^ Alioune Diagne, climatologist from Mauritania. This reading may have been affected by overexposure.A reading of 50.0C was also claimed at Moudjeria in May 1912 but the instrument used is believed to have been highly overexposed.
  77. ^ http://www.israbat.ac.ma/IMG/pdf/Releves_ASPGM_1935.pdf. Very low readings recorded at Tacchedirt were taken under not proper exposure conditions.
  78. ^ 51.8°C reported from Inezgane Airport, Aġadīr on 17 August 1940 is suspicious and probably overestimated.51.0C at Sidi Ifni in July 1967 is probably unreliable.
  79. ^ a b Boletim Mensual das Observações Meteorológicas 1956, Organizado Pelo Serviço Meteorológico, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 29 October 2006. A unofficial temperature of -3.3C was recorded at the foot of Mt Pesse on 25 August 1886.
  80. ^ Temperatures between 48°C and 49°C reported from various places in Mozambique between 1940 and 1955 are believed to be unreliable.
  81. ^ Unofficial readings as low as -15C have been reported from the Nossob River.
  82. ^ Bilma recorded -3.0C in January 1937, but the exposure conditions in those years in the Bilma station doesn't allow that record to be considered reliable.
  83. ^ Unofficial temperatures just above freezing have been recorded in an experimental station near the town of Vom,in the Plateau State. Old temperatures as low as 31F (-0.6C) recorded at Hadijeia and at Bukuru were likely taken with not proper instruments.
  84. ^ Old readings as high as 48.9C in April 1906 at Dumjeri, 47.2C at Sokoto and others were taken under not proper exposure conditions.
  85. ^ http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/#.
  86. ^ 2003, année record pour les températures à La Réunion, Témoignages. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  87. ^ http://library.wur.nl/isric/fulltext/isricu_t4e2d6614_001.pdf
  88. ^ Temperatures are believed to approach 38°C in the Nyagatare and Bugesera districts in 2005.
  89. ^ file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/My%20Documents/Downloads/EAC%20Climate%20Change%20Master%20Plan.pdf
  90. ^ An old reading of 35.0C recorded at the Wiki Airfield is wrong and old temperatures as high as 36.7C at Georgetown are unreliable. Note that the Ascension Island is geologically in the South America.
  91. ^ Anais Meteorológicos das Colónias Relativos a 1942, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 25 January 2007.
  92. ^ Temperatures of 5°C have been reported at high altitude on São Tomé.
  93. ^ Temperatures in the first half of the century have been either unreliable or discontinued,therefore values like 36.0C of 3 December 1917 are to be considered unreliable. 36.0C was also claimed to have been recorded in 1954.
  94. ^ Historical Weather: Matam, Senegal, El Tiempo. Retrieved 29 April 2007. There are some readings without decimals given by some hourly metars of 49C, but most of them are believed to be wrong. An unofficial temperature of 49C without decimals was recorded at the experimental station of Fete-Ole on 2 May 1973.
  95. ^ Biogeography and Ecology of the Seychelles Islands. Lower temperatures have been recorded at Le Misere at few hundreds meters a.s.l., nevertheless temperatures have been kept for only few months.
  96. ^ Farrow, G.E. (1971). The Climate of Aldabra Atoll. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B Vol 260, No 836, pp67-91.
  97. ^ A geography of Sierra Leone and Gambia .By Harold Reginald Jarrett. 4.4°C reported from Musaia appears unreliable.
  98. ^ A temperature of 43.9°C reported from Kabala was recorded under not proper exposure conditions as for 40.0C reported at Musaia is probably unreliable.
  99. ^ Old data taken during italian colonization were taken with not proper instruments and should not be taken into consideration.
  100. ^ This reading was likely taken under not proper exposure conditions and might be slighly understimated. 2.8C was recorded at Hargeysa.
  101. ^ Higher temperatures recorded at Berebera are not reliable.
  102. ^ This farm is located near the town of Molteno in a natural sinkhole. Although this temperature is dubious, the South African meteorologists have done all proper checks which seems to have confirmed the reading. Lowest temperture and recorded in a village is -16.4C at Sutherland on 12 July 2003.
  103. ^ Temperatures as high as 51.7°C at Man and 50.3C at Kirkwood in 1928 are unofficial and almost surely taken under not proper conditions. The official highest temperature in South Africa is 50.0C recorded at Dunbrody on 3 November 1918, but there it is believed to be incorrect.
  104. ^ http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/sudan/sudan.htm. According to an officier of the Sudanese Meteorological Service the absolute lowest temperature recorded at Zalingei has been -1.2C. Yet,the -1.2C hasn't been recorded in their published databases,but -1.0C.
  105. ^ Highest temperatures recorded at Wadi Halfa at the begin of the XX century were taken under not proper exposure conditions.
  106. ^ A record of -6.7C at Big Bend is believe to be unreliable.
  107. ^ http://www.bgs.ac.uk/sadcreports/swaziland1991cidagroundwaterresourcesa.pdf
  108. ^ Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zum Deutschen Kolonialblatte, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 21 April 2007.
  109. ^ -8.0C was also recorded in the same location on 20 June 1974 but this reading is very suspicious, being abnormal compared to temperatures in nearby area and also compared to the climatic history of Mbeya. -22°C has been recorded from high altitude near the summit of Kilimanjaro.
  110. ^ A temperature of 39.8C on February 10th, 1980 in the northern Dodoma region area is wrong.
  111. ^ Mitteilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, Fünfundzwanzigster Band, 1912, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 16 July 2007. 9.0C recorded at Kara on 2 January 1991 is dubious.
  112. ^ 44.0C recorded at Dapaon was probably taken under not proper exposure conditions.Highest temperatures of 44.4C recorded at Sansanne Mango are wrong data.
  113. ^ http://www.elkef.info/Doc/Neige%20au%20Kef.pdf.
  114. ^ Historical Weather: El Borma, Tunisia, El Tiempo. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  115. ^ Temperatures up to 55C like the 55.0C at Kebili in 1931 have been reported from the desert areas of Tunisia but these they were all taken under terrible exposure conditions.
  116. ^ -7.7°C has been reported from high altitude on Ruwenzori.Temperatures below 0C recorded in the begin of XX century, like the -1.1C at Mbarara on 6 December 1924, are unreliable.
  117. ^ Summary of Meteorological Observations for 1953. Part III: Uganda, East African Meteorological Department. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  118. ^ Temperature has said to have been slightly above 40C in 1980, but this is possibly an incorrect data. 40.1C was recorded at Soroti on 5 and 6 February 1949,but this is probably unreliable.
  119. ^ GSOD Daily Data
  120. ^ -9.0C at Chome in June 2011 is probably incorrect. -8.0C at Nalisa in July 18989 is probably unreliable
  121. ^ Zambia Institute of Meteorology. A temperature of 46.4C recorded at Lusitu in 1990, near Siavonga, is probably unreliable.
  122. ^ https://www.herald.co.zw/record-breaking-temperatures-for-chiredzi-west-nicholson/
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