User:Llywrch/List of Consuls notes

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The need to base these lists on reliable sources; right now we have no source for the list in general.

  • Either Degrassi, Fasti Capitolini (1954) or Broughton, The magistrates of the Roman republic (1952) for the Republican part.
    • Update this material with later discoveries. (Syme, Augustan Aristocracy has a list current for 1986 for 80 BC - AD 14)
    • How to indicate variant readings? Which ones to include? (Obviously, do not include each time a source reverses the order of the consuls. Omit these unless all the primary sources disagree with Broughton & he offers no reasoning for ignoring them.)
  • For Imperial part, this will be more complex. No single source. There is Degrassi's I fasti consulari dell'Impero Romano (1952), but it is in Italian.
    • Syme's article for AD 14-20.
    • V. Ehrenberg, A. H. M. Jones, Documents Illustrating the Reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, 2nd Edition (1963) to cover the gap in those reigns.
    • P. A. Townend, "The Fasti for the Reign of Gaius", Antichthon, 13 (1979)
    • W. Eck, Senatoren von Vespasian bis Hadrian (1970) -- Lacks a list of consuls; might have to rely on Smallwood, Documents Illustrating the Principates of Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian (Cambridge, 1966), & update that. :-/
    • G. Alföldy, Konsulat u. Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen (1977) Covers AD 138-180
    • P. M. Leunissen, Konsulen u. Konsularien in der Zeit con Commodus bis Severus Alexander, 180-235 (1989)
    • How to cover gap 236-283? PLRE covers 260+ -- Only consuls suffectus from 206 known, so any general ancient chronology that covers the 3rd century ought to suffice.
    • Roger Bagnall, et alia, Consuls of the later Roman Empire (1989) -- covers 284 to the bitter end.
    • Update, using survey articles of Roman inscriptions in JRS, material from ZPE & L'Année épigraphique. (I hope using just these 3 sources is good enough)

Other editions of primary sources:

  • Fasti Ostienses, ed. Ladislav Vidman Rozpravy CSAV 67, 1957
  • John Schied with P. Tassimi & J. Rupke, Recherches archeologiques a La Magliana. Commentarii fratrum arvalium qui supersunt. Les copies epigraphiques des protocols annuels de la confrerie arva (21 av. - 304 ap. J.-C.) Rome antica 4 1998

Possible related articles:

  • Varronian chronology
  • How the Republican historians compiled the list
    • Or The Consular fasti, with a section about the origins of the list.
  • How contemporary historians recovered the Imperial section of the list, viz. 43 BC -AD 206:
    • The names of the consulares ordinarii are mostly certain, with a few exceptions;
    • Sources: literary (Tacitus, Suetonius, etc.), inscriptions (Fasti Ostienses, Acta Fratrum Arvalium, others), non-literary documents (archives of Pompei & Herculaneum), diplomata militari (gap under Marcus Aurelius, ends at 206), indirect (e.g., proconsulars of Africa & Asia).
    • Inference & reasoning (example of Gallivan)
  • Profiles of the Roman consuls -- Even knowing only the names of the consuls, we can still trace developments in the evolution of the Roman Republic & Empire. (Amongst other studies, P.A. Brunt, J.R.S., 72 (1982), 1-17.)
  • Ronald Syme: "The register of the Roman consuls can serve sundry purposes. At the simplest and lowest, it will fix a date or establish a man's identity. In the absence of written history, however, it becomes history itself, as can be demonstrated for divergent epochs, Republican and Imperial; and, even where historians exist, they will often have to be supplemented by exploiting this evidence, or subverted." (I Fasti Consolari dell' Impero Romano dal 30 Av anti Christo al 613 Dopo Christo by Attilio Degrassi, reviewed by Ronald Syme, Journal of Roman Studies, 43 (1953), p. 148)
  • And again: "No history surviving from antiquity has traced the progressive enlargement of the Roman governing class, age by age and region by region-the best statement available is brief and impressionistic, namely Tacitus on the 'principes' of Gallia Comata (Ann. XI, 24), adapting and improving the speech of Claudius Caesar (ILS 212). ... When a senator's origin is not obvious or specified, the study of nomenclature and the pursuit of local dynastic families can yield striking results. From bare names in periods of history apparently void or vague the whole process of social change emerges." (p. 149)
  • List of phantom Roman consuls: these are people thought to be consuls but were later found either did not hold that office, or did not exist
  • The consuls of AD 69 -- the Year of Four Emperors
  • The consuls of AD 190 -- the year of 25 consuls -- Cassius Dio, 73.12.4: "Besides all this, Cleander appointed twenty-five consuls for one year, a thing that never happened before or since; one of these consuls was Severus, who later became emperor."

Introduction (s)[edit]

What should the introduction cover?

  • Republic:
    • How this list was compiled
    • Problems with the list: not officially maintained, variant readings for the early Republic (generally before 300 BC)
    • Varronian chronology was adopted due to it being the most common; experts are agreed that in its present form the list before 300 BC is not reliable. Need an article to discuss this issue.
    • What was included (Consular Tribunes, the anarchia, the four Dictator Years), & what was excluded (Dictators & Masters of Horse, Censors, other magistrates & ponifices maximi). And why these decisions were made: to simplify presentation, to provide a name to identify the person & his associated year. To find other magistrates, refer to the related lists.
    • Rationale for footnotes. My preference: variant readings for the early Republic where it effects the identity of the consul (variant forms of the consul's name is delegated to the article); citations for dates of Imperial suffect consuls; explain succession of suffect consuls when needed; notes explaining that information on a given consul is limited to his name; when both post-395 consuls are from one part of the Empire (i.e., both from Rome or Constantinople).
  • Early Empire:
    • Names of the consules ordinarii are well known & reliable. Same sources as Late Empire
    • The issue of suffect consuls -- lack of information, compiled in modern times from many sources: inscriptions like Fasti Ostiensis; literary sources; military diplomas; inference from other lists (e.g. list of proconsuls of Asia)
    • Evidence for dating these ends c. AD 206 except for one isolated year
  • Late Empire:
    • Generally reliable, issue with identification
    • Sources for this part of the list: Chronography of 354, Paschale Chronicle, contemporary records, literary sources
    • Alternative series of consuls: Gallic Empire, Tetrarchy, usurpers
    • Eastern & Western consuls; delays in one court learning of the selection of the other; sometimes one court (to oversimplify) selected both members of the college (What to omit, how to indicate one court selecting both?)
    • The title Flavius

Miscellaneous[edit]

  • First dictator (per Livy & Dionysius)
  • Reverse the order of cos. 502 BC

Complete years[edit]

Per Syme (1953) in regular type; F.W. Adams, AJA (1951) in italics; P. Gallivan (1974, 1978, 1981) in bold; my additions set off with (parentheses):

  • 43 BC-AD 12
  • (13)
  • 14-20
  • (21)
  • 23-38
  • 40 but July/Aug could be filled by either of two pairs
  • 41 but July/Aug could be filled by either of two pairs
  • (43) but missing colleague of A. Gabinius Secundus (August–September)
  • 46
  • 48
  • (51)
  • (53)
  • (55)
  • 56-59
  • 62
  • 66
  • (67), per Camodeca (2015)
  • (68), per Camodeca (2015)
  • (69)
  • 70
  • (71)
  • (79-81)
  • 85-96 but with gaps (missing a suffect in May 85; the colleague of Q. Vibius Secundus in 86)
  • (97), per F. Zevi
  • (98)
  • (100)
  • (102)
  • (103)
  • 105
  • 107
  • 109-113
  • 114, 115 but with a gap of 1 suffect in each year -- now complete
  • 116
  • (124), per W. Eck
  • 127
  • 128 but for 2 suffecti we only know their praenomina
  • (133), per W. Eck's structure
  • (135), per W. Eck's structure
  • (138), per W. Eck's structure
  • (142), per W. Eck
  • (145), per W. Eck
  • 146-148
  • 152-154 know the structure; completed per W. Eck
  • 160

1st century (1–100)[edit]

(Note: Many years lack their complete complement of suffect consuls. Those years that are complete have the number of the year in bold. For ease of reading, nundinia where both consuls are missing are omitted; where one is known, the other is indicated as ignotus. Consuls that may fit in these lacunae may be found at List of undated Roman consuls.)

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
1[1] C. Caesar (January–December) L. Aemilius Paullus (January–June)
suff. M. Herennius Picens (July–December)
2 P. Vinicius (January–June) P. Alfenus Varus
suff. P. Cornelius Lentulus Scipio (July–December) T. Quinctius Crispinus Valerianus
3 L. Aelius Lamia (January–June) M. Servilius
suff. P. Silius (July–December) L. Volusius Saturninus
4 Sex. Aelius Catus (January–June) C. Sentius Saturninus
suff. Cn. Sentius Saturninus (July–December) C. Clodius Licinus
5 L. Valerius Messalla Volesus (January–June) Cn. Cornelius Cinna Magnus
suff. C. Vibius Postumus (July–December) C. Ateius Capito
6 M. Aemilius Lepidus (January–December) L. Arruntius (January–June)
suff. L. Nonius Asprenas (July–December)
7 Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus Silanus (January–December) A. Licinius Nerva Silianus (January–June)
suff. Lucilius Longus (July–December)
8 M. Furius Camillus (January–June) Sex. Nonius Quinctilianus
suff. L. Apronius (July–December) A. Vibius Habitus
9 C. Poppaeus Sabinus (January–June) Q. Sulpicius Camerinus
suff. M. Papius Mutilus (July–December) Q. Poppaeus Secundus
10 P. Cornelius Dolabella (January–June) C. Junius Silanus
suff. Ser. Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis (July–December) Q. Junius Blaesus
11 M'. Aemilius Lepidus (January–June) T. Statilius Taurus (January–December)
suff. L. Cassius Longinus (July–December)
12 Germanicus Julius Caesar (January–December) C. Fonteius Capito (January–June)
suff. C. Visellius Varro (July–December)
13[2] C. Silius (January–June) L. Munatius Plancus (January–December)
suff. A. Caecina Largus (July–December)
14[3] Sex. Pompeius (January–December) Sex. Appuleius
15 Drusus Julius Caesar (January–December) C. Norbanus Flaccus (January–June)
suff. M. Junius Silanus (July–December)
16 Sisenna Statilius Taurus (January–June) L. Scribonius Libo
suff. C. Vibius Rufus (July–December) P. Pomponius Graecinus
17 L. Pomponius Flaccus (January–June) C. Caelius Rufus
suff. C. Vibius Marsus (July–December) L. Voluseius Proculus
18 Ti. Caesar Augustus III (January) Germanicus Julius Caesar II (January–April)
suff. L. Seius Tubero (February–July) Livineius Regulus (May–July)
suff. C. Rubellius Blandus (August–December) M. Vipstanus Gallus
19 M. Junius Silanus Torquatus (January–December) L. Norbanus Balbus (January–June)
suff. P. Petronius (July–December)
20 M. Valerius Messala Barbatus (January–December) M. Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus
21 Ti. Caesar Augustus IV (January–June) Drusus Julius Caesar II
suff. Mam. Aemilius Scaurus (July–December) Cn. Tremellius
22[4] D. Haterius Agrippa C. Sulpicius Galba
23 C. Asinius Pollio (January–December) C. Antistius Vetus (January–June)
suff. C. Stertinius Maximus (July–December)
24 Ser. Cornelius Cethegus (January–June) L. Visellius Varro
suff. C. Calpurnius Aviola (July–December) P. Cornelius Lentulus Scipio
25 Cossus Cornelius Lentulus (January–August) M. Asinius Agrippa (January–December)
suff. C. Petronius (September–December)
26 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus (January–June) C. Calvisius Sabinus
suff. Q. Junius Blaesus (July–December) L. Antistius Vetus
27 L. Calpurnius Piso (January–June) M. Licinius Crassus Frugi
suff. P. Cornelius Lentulus (July–December) C. Sallustius Passienus Crispus
28 Ap. Junius Silanus (January–June) P. Silius Nerva
suff. L. Junius Silanus (July–December) C. Vellaeus Tutor
29 C. Fufius Geminus (January–June) L. Rubellius Geminus
suff. A. Plautius (July–December) L. Nonius Asprenas
30 L. Cassius Longinus (January–June) M. Vinicius
suff. L. Naevius Surdinus (July–December) C. Cassius Longinus
31[5] Ti. Caesar Augustus V (January-8 May) L. Aelius Seianus
suff. Faustus Cornelius Sulla (9 May–September) Sex. Tedius Valerius Catullus (9 May–June)
suff. L. Fulcinius Trio (July–December)
suff. P. Memmius Regulus (October–December)
32 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus (January–December) L. Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus (January–June)
suff. A. Vitellius (July–December)
33 L. Livius Ocella Ser. Sulpicius Galba (January–June) L. Cornelius Sulla Felix
suff. L. Salvius Otho (July–December) C. Octavius Laenas
34 Paullus Fabius Persicus (January–June) L. Vitellius
suff. Q. Marcius Barea Soranus (July–December) T. Rustius Nummius Gallus
35 C. Cestius Gallus (January–June) M. Servilius Nonianus
suff. D. Valerius Asiaticus (July–December) A. Gabinius Secundus
36 Sex. Papinius Allenius (January–June) Q. Plautius
suff. C. Vettius Rufus[6] (July–December) M. Porcius Cato
37[7] Cn. Acerronius Proculus (January–June) C. Petronius Pontius Nigrinus
suff. C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus (July–August) Ti. Claudius Nero Germanicus
suff. A. Caecina Paetus (September–December) C. Caninius Rebilus
38 M. Aquila Julianus (January–June) P. Nonius Asprenas Calpurnius Serranus
suff. Ser. Asinius Celer (July–December) Sex. Nonius Quinctilianus
39 C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus II (January) L. Apronius Caesianus (January–June)
suff. Q. Sanquinius Maximus (February–June)
suff. Cn. Domitius Corbulo (July–1 September) ignotus
suff. A. Didius Gallus (2 September–December) Cn. Domitius Afer
40 C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus III (To 13 January) sine collega
suff. C. Laecanius Bassus (January–June) Q. Terentius Culleo
41[8] C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV (January) Cn. Sentius Saturninus (January–June)
suff. Q. Pomponius Secundus (February–June)
suff. Q. Futius Lusius Saturninus (September–October) M. Seius Varanus
suff. Q. Ostorius Scapula[9] (November–December) P. Suillius Rufus
42 Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus II (January–February) C. Caecina Largus (January–December)
suff. C. Cestius Gallus (March–? June)
suff. Cornelius Lupus[10]
43[11] Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus III (January–February) L. Vitellius II
suff. Sex. Palpellius Hister (March–July) L. Pedanius Secundus
suff. A. Gabinius Secundus (August–September) ignotus
suff. Q. Curtius Rufus (October–December) Sp. Oppius[12]
44[13] C. Sallustius Crispus Passienus II (early January) T. Statilius Taurus (January–June)
suff. P. Calvisius Sabinus Pomponius Secundus (early January–June)
45 M. Vinicius II (January–February) T. Statilius Taurus Corvinus (January–June)
suff. Ti. Plautius Silvanus Aelianus (March–June)
suff. A. Antonius Rufus (July–? October) M. Pompeius Silvanus Staberius Flavianus
46 D. Valerius Asiaticus II (January–February) M. Junius Silanus (January–December)
suff. Camerinus Antistius Vetus (Early March)[14]
suff. Q. Sulpicius Camerinus (Early March–June)
suff. D. Laelius Balbus (July–August)
suff. C. Terentius Tullius Geminus (September–December)
47[15] Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV (January–February) L. Vitellius III
suff. C. Calpetanus Rantius Sedatus (March–April) M. Hordeonius Flaccus
suff. Cn. Hosidius Geta (July–December) T. Flavius Sabinus (July–August)
suff. L. Vagellius (September–October)
suff. C. Volasenna Severus (November–December)
48 A. Vitellius (January–June) L. Vipstanus Poplicola[16]
suff. L. Vitellius (July–December) Messalla Vipstanus Gallus
49 Q. Veranius (January–February) C. Pompeius Longus Gallus
suff. L. Mammius Pollio (March–June) Q. Allius Maximus
50 C. Antistius Vetus (January–? February) M. Suillius Nerullinus
51 Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus V (January–December) Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus (January–June)
suff. L. Calventius Vetus Carminius (by September–October)
suff. T. Flavius Vespasianus (November–December)
52 Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix (January–December) L. Salvius Otho Titianus (January–June)
suff. Q. Marcius Barea Soranus (Attested 10 August)
suff. L. Salvidienus Rufus Salvianus (Attested 11 December)
53 D. Junius Silanus Torquatus (January–June) Q. Haterius Antoninus
suff. P. Trebonius (June–? October) Q. Caecina Primus
suff. P. Calvisius Ruso (? November–December)
54 M'. Acilius Aviola (January–June) M. Asinius Marcellus
suff. M. Aefulanus (After June)[17] ignotus
55[18] Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (January–February) L. Antistius Vetus[19]
suff. N. Cestius (March–April)
suff. P. Cornelius Dolabella (May–June) L. Annaeus Seneca (until October)
suff. M. Trebellius Maximus (July–August)
suff. P. Palfurius (September–October)
suff. Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus (November–December) T. Curtilius Mancia
56 Q. Volusius Saturninus (January–June) P. Cornelius (Lentulus?) Scipio
suff. L. Junius Gallio Annaeanus (July–August) T. Cutius Ciltus
suff. P. Sulpicius Scribonius Rufus (September–October) P. Sulpicius Scribonius Proculus
suff. L. Duvius Avitus (November–December) P. Clodius Thrasea Paetus
57[20] Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus II (January–December) L. Calpurnius Piso (January–June)
suff. L. Caesius Martialis (July–December)
58 Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus III (January–April) M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus (January–June)
suff. C. Fonteius Agrippa (May–June)
suff. A. Petronius Lurco (July–December) A. Paconius Sabinus
59 C. Vipstanus Apronianus (January–June) C. Fonteius Capito
suff. T. Sextius Africanus (July–December) M. Ostorius Scapula
60 Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV (January–June) Cossus Cornelius Lentulus
suff. C. Velleius Paterculus (July–October) M. Manilius Vopiscus
61 P. Petronius Turpilianus (January–June) L. Junius Caesennius Paetus
suff. Cn. Pedanius Fuscus Salinator (July–August) L. Velleius Paterculus
62[21] P. Marius[22] (January – April) Lucius Afinius Gallus
suff. Q. Manlius Ancharius Tarquitius Saturninus (May–August) P. Petronius Niger
suff. Q. Junius Marullus (September–December) T. Clodius Eprius Marcellus
63 C. Memmius Regulus (January–June) L. Verginius Rufus
suff. T. Petronius Niger (July–August) Q. Manlius Tarquitius Saturninus
64 C. Laecanius Bassus (January–June) M. Licinius Crassus Frugi
suff. C. Licinius Mucianus (July–October) Q. Fabius Barbarus Antonius Macer
65 A. Licinius Nerva Silianus (January–June) M. Julius Vestinus Atticus (Killed self in April)
suff. P. Pasidienus Firmus (Attested 18 June)[23]
suff. C. Pomponius Pius (Attested 13 August) C. Anicius Cerialis
66 C. Luccius Telesinus (January–June) C. Suetonius Paullinus
suff.[24] M. Annius Afrinus (July–August) C. Paccius Africanus
suff. M. Arruntius Aquila (September–December) M. Vettius Bolanus
67 L. Julius Rufus (January–June) Fonteius Capito (January–May)
suff. L. Aurelius Priscus (June)
suff.[24] Ap. Annius Gallus (July–December) L. Verulanus Severus
68[25] Ti. Catius Asconius Silius Italicus (January–March) P. Galerius Trachalus
suff. Imp. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus V (April–June) C. Luccius Telesinus II (May-June)
suff. C. Bellicius Natalis (September–December) P. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus
69[26] Ser. Galba Imp. Caesar Augustus II (Murdered 15 January) T. Vinius (Rufinus?) (Murdered 15 January)
suff. M. Otho Caesar Augustus (15 January–28 February) L. Salvius Otho Titianus II
suff. L. Verginius Rufus II (March) L. Pompeius Vopiscus
suff. Cn. Arulenus Caelius Sabinus (April–June) T. Flavius Sabinus
suff. Cn. Arrius Antoninus (July–August) A. Marius Celsus
suff. Fabius Valens (September–October) A. Caecina Alienus (September–30 October)
suff. Rosius Regulus (31 October)
suff. Cn. Caecilius Simplex (November−December) C. Quinctius Atticus
70[27] Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus II (January–June) T. Caesar Vespasianus
suff. C. Licinius Mucianus II (July–August) Q. Petillius Cerealis Caesius Rufus
suff.[28] Q. Julius Cordinus C. Rutilius Gallicus (September–October) ignotus
suff. L. Annius Bassus (November–December) C. Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus
71[29] Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus III (January–February) M. Cocceius Nerva
suff. Caesar Domitianus (March–June) Cn. Pedius Cascus (March–April)
suff. C. Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus (May–June)
suff. L. Flavius Fimbria (July–August) C. Atilius Barbarus
suff.[30] Cn. Pompeius Collega (November–December) Q. Julius Cordus
72 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus IV (January–April) T. Caesar Vespasianus II
suff. C. Licinius Mucianus III (May–? June) T. Flavius Sabinus II
suff. M. Ulpius Traianus[28] (September–October)
suff.[31] Sex. Marcius Priscus (November–December) Cn. Pinarius Aemillianus Cicatricula
73 Caesar Domitianus II (January–? February) L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus
suff. L. Aelius Oculatus (May–June) Q. Gavius Atticus
suff. M. Arrecinus Clemens (July–? August) . ]m[ .....[32]
suff. Sex. Julius Frontinus ignotus
74 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus V (To 13 January) T. Caesar Vespasianus III (January–April)
suff. Ti. Plautius Silvanus Aelianus II (13 January–February)
suff. L. Junius Q. Vibius Crispus II (March–April)
suff. Q. Petillius Cerialis Caesius Rufus II (May–June) T. Clodius Eprius Marcellus II
suff. ignotus (July–August) .... ]on[.[33]
suff. C. Pomponius (September–October) L. Manlius Patruinus
suff. Cn. Domitius Tullus[34]
75 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VI (To 13 January or February) T. Caesar Vespasianus IV (January–February)
suff. Caesar Domitianus III (13 January or March–April)
suff. L. Pasidienus Firmus (March–April)
76 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VII (To 13 January or February) T. Caesar Vespasianus V (To 13 January or February or April)
suff. Caesar Domitianus IV (13 January or March–February or April)
suff. L. Tampius Flavianus II (March–April or May–June) M. Pompeius Silvanus Staberius Flavianus II
suff. Galeo Tettienus Petronianus (November–December) M. Fulvius Gillo
77 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VIII (To 13 January or February) T. Caesar Vespasianus VI (January–June)
suff. Caesar Domitianus V (13 January or February–June)
suff. L. Pompeius Vopiscus C. Arruntius Catellius Celer (September–October) M. Arruntius Aquila
suff. Cn. Julius Agricola (November–December) ignotus
78 D. Junius Novius Priscus (? Rufus) (January–April) L. Ceionius Commodus
suff. Q. Corellius Rufus (September–October) L. Funisulanus Vettonianus
suff. Sex. Vitulasius Nepos ignotus
suff. Q. Articuleius Paetus ignotus
79 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus IX (To 13 January) T. Caesar Vespasianus VII (January–February)
suff. Caesar Domitianus VI (13 January–February)
suff. L. Junius Caesennius Paetus (March–June) P. Calvisius Ruso[35]
suff. T. Rubrius Aelius Nepos (September–December) M. Arrius Flaccus
80 Imp. T. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VIII (To 13 January) Caesar Domitianus VII
suff. A. Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento II (13 January–February) L. Aelius Lamia Plautius Aelianus (13 January–June)
suff. Q. Aurelius Pactumeius Fronto (March–April)
suff. C. Marius Marcellus Octavius Publius Cluvius Rufus (May–June)
suff.[36] M. Atilius Postumus Bradua (July–August) Q. Pompeius Trio
suff.[37] Sex. Neranius Capito (September–October) L. Acilius Strabo
suff. M. Tittius Frugi (November–December) T. Vinicius Julianus
81 L. Flavius Silva Nonius Bassus (January–February) L. Asinius Pollio Verrucosus
suff. M. Roscius Coelius (March–April) C. Julius Juvenalis
suff. L. Vettius Paullus (May–June) T. Junius Montanus
suff. C. Scoedius Natta Pinarius (July–August) T. Tettienus Serenus
suff. L. Carminius Lusitanicus (September–October) M. Petronius Umbrinus
82 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus VIII (To 13 January) T. Flavius Sabinus
suff. [? Servaeus In]noc(ens) (13 January–February) L. Salvius Otho Cocceianus[37]
suff. [ ... ]an(us)[38] (March–April) M'. Acilius Aviola[37]
suff. [C. Arinius Mo]dest(us)[39] (May–June) ignotus
suff.[40] P. Valerius Patruinus (July–August) L. Antonius Saturninus
suff. M. Larcius Magnus Pompeius Silo (September–October)
83[41] Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus IX (To 13 January) Q. Petillius Rufus[42] (January–February)
suff. M. Annius Messalla (March–April) C. Fisius Sabinus
suff. L. Tettius Julianus (May–June) Terentius Strabo Erucius Homullus
suff. L. Calventius Sex. Carminius Vetus (September–October) M. Cornelius Nigrinus Curiatius Maternus
84 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus X (To 13 January or ? February) C. Oppius Sabinus (January–February)
suff. L. Julius Ursus (July–August) ignotus
suff. C. Tullius Capito Pomponianus Plotius Firmus (September–October) C. Cornelius Gallicanus
suff. ignotus Gallus[43]
85[44] Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XI (January–February ) T. Aurelius Fulvus II
suff. Q. Julius Cordinus C. Rutilius Gallicus II (March–April) L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus II
suff. M. Arrecinus Clemens II (May–June) L. Baebius Honoratus
suff. P. Herennius Pollio (July–August) M. Annius Herennius Pollio
suff. D. Aburius Bassus (September–October) Q. Julius Balbus
suff.[45] C. Salvius Liberalis Nonius Bassus (November–December) [? Cornelius] Orestes
86 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XII (To 13 January) Ser. Cornelius Dolabella Petronianus (January–February)
suff. C. Secius Campanus[46] (13 January–February or April)
suff. incertus (March–April)[46] Q. Vibius Secundus (March–April)
suff. Sex. Octavius Fronto (May–August) Ti. Julius Candidus Marius Celsus
suff. A. Bucius Lappius Maximus (September–December) C. Octavius Tidius Tossianus L. Javolenus Priscus
87 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XIII (To 13 January) L. Volusius Saturninus (January–April)
suff. C. Calpurnius Piso Crassus Frugi Licinianus (13 January–April)
suff. C. Bellicius Natalis Gavidius Tebanianus[47] (May–August) C. Ducenius Proculus
suff. C. Cilnius Proculus (September–December) L. Neratius Priscus
88 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XIV (To 13 January) L. Minicius Rufus (January–April)
suff. D. Plotius Grypus (13 January–April)
suff. Q. Ninnius Hasta (May–August) L. Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus
suff. M. Otacilius Catulus (September–December) Sex. Julius Sparsus
89 T. Aurelius Fulvus (January–April) M. Asinius Atratinus
suff. P. Sallustius Blaesus (May–August) M. Peducaeus Saenianus
suff. A. Vicirius Proculus (September–December) M'. Laberius Maximus
90 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XV (To 13 January) M. Cocceius Nerva II (January–February)
suff. L. Cornelius Pusio Annius Messala (13 January–February)
suff. L. Antistius Rusticus (March–April) Ser. Julius Servianus
suff. Q. Accaeus Rufus (May–June) C. Caristanius Fronto
suff. P. Baebius Italicus (July–August) C. Aquillius Proculus
suff. L. Albius Pullaienus Pollio (September–October) Cn. Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula Pompeius Longinus
suff. M. Tullius Cerialis[48] (November–December) Cn. Pompeius Catullinus
91 M'. Acilius Glabrio (January–April) M. Ulpius Trajanus
suff. D. Minicius Faustinus (May–August) P. Valerius Marinus
suff. Q. Valerius Vegetus (September–December) P. Metilius Sabinus Nepos
92 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XVI (To 13 January) Q. Volusius Saturninus (January–April)
suff. L. Venuleius Montanus Apronianus (13 January–April)
suff. L. Stertinius Avitus (May–August) Ti. Julius Celsus Polemaeanus
suff. C. Julius Silanus (September–December) Q. Junius Arulenus Rusticus
93[49] Sex. Pompeius Collega (January–April) Q. Peducaeus Priscinus
suff.[50] T. Avidius Quietus (May–August) Sex. Lusianus Proculus
suff. C. Cornelius Rarus Sextius Na(so?) (September–December) [? Tuccius Ceria]lis
94 L. Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas (January–April) T. Sextius Magius Lateranus
suff. M. Lollius Paulinus D. Valerius Asiaticus Saturninus (May–August) C. Antius A. Julius Quadratus
suff. L. Silius Decianus (September–December) T. Pomponius Bassus
95 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XVII (To 13 January) T. Flavius Clemens (January–April)
suff. L. Neratius Marcellus (13 January–April)
suff. A. Bucius Lappius Maximus II (May–August) P. Ducenius Verus
suff. Q. Pomponius Rufus (September–December) L. Baebius Tullus
96 C. Manlius Valens (January–April) C. Antistius Vetus
suff. Q. Fabius Postuminus (May–August) T. Prifernius [Paetus]
suff. Ti. Catius Caesius Fronto (September–December) M. Calpurnius [...]icus
97[51] Imp. Nerva Caesar Augustus III (January–February) L. Verginius Rufus III
suff. Cn. Arrius Antoninus II (March–April ) (C.?) Calpurnius Piso
suff. M. Annius Verus (May–June) L. Neratius Priscus
suff. L. Domitius Apollinaris (July–August ) Sex. Hermentidius Campanus
suff. Q. Glitius Atilius Agricola (September–October) L. Pomponius Maternus[52]
suff. (P. ?) Cornelius Tacitus (November–December) M. Ostorius Scapula[53]
98[54] Imp. Nerva Caesar Augustus IV (To 13 January) Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus II (January–June)
suff. Cn. Domitius Afer Curvius Tullus II (13 January–31 January)
suff. Sex. Julius Frontinus II (February)
suff. L. Julius Ursus II (March)
suff. T. Vestricius Spurinna II (April)
suff. C. Pomponius Pius (May–June)
suff. A. Vicirius Martialis (July–August) L. Maecius Postumus
suff. C. Pomponius Rufus Acilius [Pri]scus Coelius Sparsus
(September–October) 		Cn. Pompeius Ferox Licinianus
suff.[55] Q. Fulvius Gillo Bittius Proculus (November–December) P. Julius Lupus
99 A. Cornelius Palma Frontonianus (January–?) Q. Sosius Senecio
suff. P. Sulpicius Lucretius Barba (June–July) Senecio Memmius Afer
suff. Q. Fabius Barbarus Valerius Magnus Julianus (August–?) A. Caecilius Faustinus
suff. Ti. Julius Ferox[56] ignotus
100 Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus III (January) Sex. Julius Frontinus III (January–February)
suff. L. Julius Ursus III (January–February)
suff. M. Marcius Macer (March–April) C. Cilnius Proculus
suff. L. Herennius Saturninus (May–June) Pomponius Mamilianus
suff. Q. Acutius Nerva (July–August) L. Fabius Tuscus
suff. C. Julius Cornutus Tertullus (September–October) C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus
suff. L. Roscius Aelianus Maecius Celer (November–December) Ti. Claudius Sacerdos Julianus
  1. ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from AD 1 through AD 12 are taken from Ronald Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), pp. 455–458
  2. ^ The consuls of this year are taken from Diana Gorostidi Pi, "Sui consoli dell’anno 13 d.C.: Nuovi dati dai fasti consulares Tusculani", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 189 (2014), pg 265–275
  3. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 14–36 are taken from Alison E. Cooley, The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy (Cambridge: University Press, 2012), pp.458-460
  4. ^ Cooley indicates no suffect consuls for this year
  5. ^ The dates of the consuls in this year is taken from John Bodel, "Chronology and Succession 2: Notes on Some Consular Lists on Stone", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 105 (1995), p. 296
  6. ^ First proposed by Hans-Georg Pflaum, and accepted by Ladislaus Vidman (Fasti Ostienses, 2nd edition, p. 68); Cooley offers as a possible alternative A. Didius Gallus although she also puts him in the last nundinium of 39.
  7. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 37–40 are taken from Paul Gallivan, "The Fasti for the Reign of Gaius", Antichthon, 13 (1979), p. 66–69
  8. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 41-54 are taken from Gallivan, "The Fasti for the Reign of Claudius", Classical Quarterly, 28 (1978), pp. 407–426
  9. ^ M. Christol and S. Demougin have shown that the colleague of P. Suillius Rufus is not the governor of Britain, but another member of the gens Ostoria ("Notes de prosopographie équestre", in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 57 (1984), pp. 171-8).
  10. ^ Gallivan's source (Gaius Institutes, 3.63) does not indicate which months Cornelius held office.
  11. ^ In a re-examination of the primary source, Camodeca has shown that the consul "L. S[...]" is a phantom, and it has been removed from this list. ("I consoli del 43 e gli Antistii Veteres d'età claudia dalla riedizione delle Tabulae Herculanenses", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 140 (2002), pp. 227–236
  12. ^ Camodeca concludes that the former reading, L. Oppius, is erroneous, and that the initial is certainly 'S', probably followed by 'p', but the name is definitely not Sex. This late occurrence of the praenomen indicates that the consul was probably descended from the praetor Spurius Oppius of 44 BC, and recalls the decemvir Spurius Oppius Cornicen. "I consoli del 43", pp. 230, 232, 233.
  13. ^ Suffect consuls for July–December Gallivan placed in 44 Camodeca moved to 47 ("Novità sui fasti consolari delle tavolette cerate della Campania", Publications de l'École française de Rome, 143 (1991), p. 52)
  14. ^ Giuseppe Camodeca, "I consoli del 43 e gli Antistii Veteres d'età claudia dalla riedizione delle Tabulae Herculanenses", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 140 (2002), pp. 234–236.
  15. ^ See Camodeca, "Novità sui fasti consolari", p. 52
  16. ^ Giuseppe Camodeca argues that Gallivan mistakenly followed an error by the writer of Tabula Pompeiana 41, and combined the two Vipstani into one person; other wax tablets dated to that year show the two suffect consuls as separate people. ("Novità sui fasti consolari", p. 53)
  17. ^ Gallivan shows Aefulanus held his office in this year, but not which month.
  18. ^ Names and dates for 55 and 56 taken from Giuseppe Camodeca, "I consoli des 55–56 e un nuovo collega di seneca nel consolato: P. Cornelius Dolabella (TP.75 [=1401 +135)*", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 63 (1986), pp. 201–215.
  19. ^ Camodeca allocates January–April to Vetus, while Werner Eck, Historia, 24 (1975), pp. 338 ff. extends his tenure to June.
  20. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 57-68 are taken from Gallivan, "Some Comments on the Fasti for the Reign of Nero", Classical Quarterly, 24 (1974), pp. 290–311
  21. ^ Names and dates for 62 taken from Eck, "Miscellanea prosopographica", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 42 (1981), pp. 227 ff.
  22. ^ George Houston points out that this consul had no attested cognomen, and "Celsus" was added based on a preliminary reading of a wax table from Pompeii, CIL IV.3340.151. "P. Marius P.f., Cos. Ord. A.D. 62", ZPE 16 (1975), pp. 33–35
  23. ^ Gallivan, "Reign of Nero" followed Degrassi in assuming that the ordinary consul for this year was named "A. Licinius Nerva Silianus p. Pasidienus Firmus", a case of polyonymy. A military diploma published later (AE 1978, 658) shows they are two different people.
  24. ^ a b Gallivan, "Reign of Nero", placed Appius Annius Gallus and Severus in 66 and Marcus Annius Afrinus and Africanus in 67; however Camodeca published one of the Tabulae Herculei that shows Appius Annius Gallus and Severus were suffect consuls 4 November of an unknown year -- thus proving their office was in 67. (AE 1993, 460 = Bolletino del Centro internazionale per lo studio dei papyri ercolanesi, 23 (1993), 109-119)
  25. ^ Names and dates for this year are taken from Camodeca, "I consoli degli anni di Nerone", p. 281
  26. ^ Names and dates for this year are taken from G. B. Townend, "The Consuls of A. D. 69/70", American Journal of Philology, 83 (1962), pp. 113–129
  27. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 70–96 are taken from Paul Gallivan, "The Fasti for A. D. 70–96", Classical Quarterly, 31 (1981), pp. 186–220
  28. ^ a b Gallivan dated M. Ulpius Traianus the Elder to 70 based on his arrangement of the fragments of tablet E of the Fasti Ostienses (p. 187); however, subsequent recovery of fragments allowed Ladislav Vidman to date Ulpius Traianus' tenure to 72 (Vidman, Fasti Ostienses, pp. 73-75). AE 1978, 60 proves that C. Licinius Mucianus was suffect consul for that nundinium; redating Ulpius Traianus is the only change required.
  29. ^ The suffect consuls for September–October are attested in 80 by the Fasti Septempeda, a primary source.
  30. ^ This pair of suffects added from Camodeca, "Novità sui fasti consolari", pp. 57–62
  31. ^ Gallivan ("Fasti for A. D. 70–96", pp. 206, 219) dated this pair of suffects to 30 December "71-72"; because Camodeca added the consuls for November–December 71, they are placed here.
  32. ^ All that survives of this suffect's name on the Fasti Feriarum Latinarum (CIL VI, 2242)
  33. ^ AE 1968, 7 restores this as "Sex. Iulius Fr]on[tinus", stating he is attested as suffect consul in June.
  34. ^ Grainger, John D. (2004). Nerva and the Roman Succession Crisis of AD 96–99. London: Routledge. p. 14. ISBN 0203218078.
  35. ^ See Syme, "P. Calvisius Ruso. One Person or Two?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 173-192
  36. ^ Gallivan ("Fasti for A. D. 70–96", pp. 209, 219) dated this pair of suffects to "79-80"; this is the only open office in those two years, so he is placed here.
  37. ^ a b c Added from the Fasti Septempeda (AE 1998, 419)
  38. ^ All that survives of this suffect's name on the Fasti Ostienses (frag. Fa)
  39. ^ So Gallivan. Werner Eck suggests instead M. Mettius Modestus. "Epigraphische Untersuchungen zu Konsuln und Senatoren des 1.-3. Jh. n. Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 37 (1980), pp. 51-60
  40. ^ CIL IX, 5420 dates Patruinus to this nundinium, and Werner Eck ("Epigraphische Untersuchungen zu Konsuln und Senatoren des 1.-3. Jh. n. Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 37 (1980), pp. 51-60) restores the deleted name as Saturninus'.
  41. ^ For the suffect consuls Gallivan placed in July/August of this year see List of undated Roman consuls and note.
  42. ^ This person is a puzzle. G.B. Townend stated he was the son of the suffect consul of 70 and 74, but that means the older Petillius either held the fasces late in life, or had his son very young. Gallivan suggests that this may actually be the third consulship of Petilius. (Gallivan, "The Fasti for A. D. 70–96", p. 212)
  43. ^ Syme first proposed the identification of this consul with M. Raecius Gallus ("Pliny the Procurator", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 73 (1969), pp. 201–236 [p. 229]). However, he later concluded that Publius Glitius Gallus "is on every count a better candidate" than Raecius ("P. Calvisius Ruso. One Person or Two?", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 173-192 [p. 175]).
  44. ^ Syme raised the possibility that L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus was the second consul ordinarius for this year Journal of Roman Studies, 43 (1953), p. 155), a suggestion shared by H. Nesselhauf (Gnomon 26 (1954), p. 270); however, Vidman has found an inscription which is dated a.d. X k. Februarias Imp. Domitiano XI, T. Aurelio Fulvo it(terum) co(n)sulibus, showing that Fulvus was the consul posterior for this year. (Fasti Ostienses, pp. 78f)
  45. ^ This pair of suffects taken from Eck and Pangerl, "Neue Diplome mit den Namen von Konsuln und Statthaltern", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 187 (2013), pp. 274f
  46. ^ a b Evidence is lacking to determine whether Campanus served until April, or an unknown person held the fasces in March and April.
  47. ^ So AE 2012, 1959; Gallivan "Bellicus", following CIL VI, 2065
  48. ^ Or M. Tuccius Cerialis, a consular mentioned by Pliny (Epistulae, II.11.9)
  49. ^ Names and dates for this year are taken from Werner Eck, "Diplome, Konsuln und Statthalter: Fortschritte und Probleme der kaiserzeitlichen Prosopographie", Chiron, 34 (2004), pp. 35-44.
  50. ^ AE 2008, 1753
  51. ^ Unless otherwise noted, the consuls for this year are taken from Fausto Zevi "I consoli del 97 d. Cr. in due framenti gia' editi dei Fasti Ostienses", Listy filologické / Folia philologica, 96 (1973), pp. 125–137
  52. ^ All that survives of the consul's name on the Fasti ostienses is "..]us", which Zevi had plausibly restored as Lucius Licinius Sura. However, two more recently recovered fragments of military diplomas show that the name of this consul is L. Pomponius Maternus, who is otherwise unknown. (Eck and Pangerl, "Zwei Konstitutionen für die Truppen Niedermösiens vom 9. September 97", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 151 (2005), pp. 185-192
  53. ^ So Zevi; Cooley offers no colleague for Tacitus. Peter Weiss has argued, based on more recently recovered evidence, that Scapula could have been suffect consul in September–October 99, or even later. (Weiss, "Weitere Diplomfragmente von Moesia Inferior", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 124 (1999), pp. 287-289
  54. ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 98 - 100 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 466f
  55. ^ This pair of suffects added from Vidman (Fasti Ostienses, p. 94), following Syme's suggestion (review of Degrassi, I Fasti Consolari dell' Impero Romano dal 30 Av anti Christo al 613 Dopo Christo in Journal of Roman Studies, 43 (1953), p. 154)
  56. ^ Placed in this year by Mommsen.

From the Fasti Ostiensis[edit]

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
175 L. Calpurnius Piso C. Salvius Julianus
suff. P. Helvius Pertinax M. Didius Severus Juli]anus
suff. ? ...]ianus
suff. ? ...] filio

Material for bios[edit]

First century AD[edit]

  • W. Eck & Pangerl, A, "Neue Militärdiplome mit Konsuldaten", ZPE 152 (2005), 229-262
  • Eck & Pangerl (2008), "Das erste Diplom fur die Flotte von Britannien aus dem Jahr 93 n.Chr.", ZPE, 165, pp. 227-31
  • Giuseppe Camodeca, "Novità sui fasti consolari delle tavolette cerate della Campania", École Française de Rome, 1991, pp. 45-74. (Material from the Archive of the Sulpicii & Tabulae Herculanenses, effects years 40, 41, 47, 48, 49, 55, 56, 62, 66, 69, 71)
  • Giuseppe Camodeca, "I consoli degli anni di Nerone nelle "Tabulae Herculanenses", ZPE 193 (2015), pp. 272-282
  • Paul Gallivan, "The Fasti for the Reign of Gaius", Antichthon, 13 (1979), p. 66-69
  • George W. Houston, "Notes on Some Documents Pertaining to Flavian Administrative Personnel", ZPE, 20 (1976), pp. 25-34
  • George W. Houston, "Vespasian's adlection of Men in Senatum", American Journal of Philology, 98 (1977), pp. 35-63
  • Brian W. Jones, "The Consuls of A.D. 90", Historia, 25 (1976), pp. 499-501
  • Brian W. Jones, "Titus and Some Flavian Amici", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 24 (1975), pp. 454-462
  • D. McAlindon, "Senatorial Opposition to Claudius and Nero", American Journal of Philology, 77 (1956), pp. 113-132
  • Olli Salomies, - "Bemerkungen zu einigen konsularen Datierungen: Auf den neugefundenen Weihealtärender beneficiarii in Sirmium", ZPE 110 (1996), pp. 278-282
  • D.C.A. Shotter, "Elections under Tiberius", Classical Quarterly, 1966, pp. 321ff
  • D.C.A. Shotter, "Tiberius and the Senate", Mnem., 1968, pp. 359ff
  • G. B. Townend, "The Consuls of A. D. 69/70", American Journal of Philology, 83 (1962), pp. 113-129

Second century[edit]

  • Anthony R. Birley, "Hadrian and Greek Senators", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 116 (1997), pp. 209–245
  • Werner Eck, "Konsuln des Jahres 117 in Militärdiplomen Traians mit Tribunicica Potestas XX", ZPE, 185 (2013), pp. 235-238
  • Werner Eck, "Suffektkonsuln der Jahre 132-134 und Hadrians Rückkehr nach Rom im Jahr 132", ZPE, 143 (2003), pp. 234-242
  • Werner Eck & Pangerl A., "Ein consul suffectus Q. Aburnius in drei fragmentarischen Fragmenten", ZPE, 185 (2013) 239-247
  • David MacDonald and Andreas Pangerl, "A new diploma of Pannonia inferior from 192 AD", Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, 33 (2003), pp. 259-271

Collected investigations[edit]

  • Brian Campbell, "Who Were the 'Viri Militares'?" Journal of Roman Studies, 65 (1975), pp. 11-31
  • Werner Eck, "Ergänzungen zu den Fasti Consulares des 1. und 2. Jh.n.Chr", Historia, 24 (1975), pp. 324-344
  • Werner Eck, "Miscellanea consularia", ZPE, 25 (1977), pp. 227-240
  • Werner Eck, "Epigraphische Untersuchungen zu Konsuln und Senatoren des 1.-3. Jh. n. Chr.", ZPE, 37 (1980), pp. 31-68
  • Werner Eck, "Miscellanea Prosopographica", ZPE, 42 (1981), pp. 227-256
  • Werner Eck, "Prosopographica", ZPE, 101 (1994), pp. 227-232
  • Werner Eck, "Prosopographica II", ZPE, 106 (1995), pp. 249-254
  • Werner Eck, "Miscellanea Prosopographica", ZPE, 127 (1999), pp. 193-204
  • Werner Eck, "Prosopographica" III, ZPE, 127 (1999), pp. 205-210
  • R. H. Rodgers, "Curatores Aquarum", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 86 (1982), pp. 171–180
  • Ronald Syme, "A Dozen Early Priesthoods", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 77 (1989), pp. 241–259
  • Ronald Syme, "Missing Senators" Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 4 (1955), pp. 52-71
  • Ronald Syme, "Missing Persons (P-W VIII A)", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 5 (1956), pp. 204-212
  • Ronald Syme, "Missing Persons II" Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 8 (1959), pp. 207-212
  • Ronald Syme, "Missing Persons III", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 11 (1962), pp. 146-155
  • Ronald Syme, "Spaniards at Tivoli", Ancient Society, 13/14 (1982/1983), pp. 241-263

Other issues[edit]

  • If we divide up the List page (right now it weighs in at 206Kb) shd it be in 2 parts -- Republican Rome & Imperial Rome -- or 3 -- Republican, Early Imperial, & Late Imperial?
  • Is it "List of Republican Roman consuls" or "List of Roman Republican consuls"?
  • The templates associated with "S-start" don't support collegiate offices like consuls & consular tribunes well. There are about a dozen different ways the existing templates have been kludged to support collegiate offices. (Compile examples.)
  • How to handle suffect consuls of the Roman Empire? Should Roman dictator template boxes indicate precedent & successive office holders? In the list, should all unknown/ignotus be shown, or only those paired with a known suffect consul?
  • How to indicate consules of competing lineages?


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