User:Katieskyv/sandbox

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Fast Facts about Non-penetrative Sex[edit]

List of Common Non-penetrative Sex Acts[edit]

Partnered Acts

Exclusively Non-penetrative

Non-exclusively Non-penetrative

Solo Acts

There is the risk of contracting STD's with non-penetrative sex acts as well as the slight risk of pregnancy. Barrier methods (condoms and dental dams) can be used to reduce the risk of both STD's and pregnancy and hormonal contraceptives can prevent pregnancy.

Extremely frequent masturbation is a symptom of hypersexual disorder [1]

Drawing by Franz von Bayros showing an act of fingering

Categories[edit]

There are many different non-penetrative sex acts, however only the most common ones are listed here. In terms of an evolutionary viewpoint, these sex acts may not make sense, since most will not result in pregnancy and passing on of genes. However many of these acts can be apart of foreplay and may lead to intercourse. Even if these acts do not lead to intercourse, they are less risky than intercourse in terms of sexually transmitted disease (STD), which is evolutionarily advantageous. Gender differences will also be discussed, although these acts can be modified to be done by any individuals. The acts can be done between two people or within a group of people. In acts where a penis is required (such as in mammary intercourse), a strap-on dildo can be utilized if none of the individuals present has a penis.

Partner Non-penetrating Sex Acts

Exclusively Non-penetrative

  • Axillary intercourse occurs when the penis of one individual is placed in another individual's armpit. The friction created by the rubbing of the penis can be pleasurable and may lead to orgasm. This is an act practiced most often by two biological males. [2]
  • Erotic massage is defined as rubbing of the body to create pleasure and relaxation. This can be done between two or more people of any gender and sexual orientation. It can involve the use of oils (heated or otherwise) or just the individual's hands. It is also known as sensual massage. [3] [4]
  • Footjob is sexually stimulating one individual's penis with another individual's feet. In some cases it can be part of a foot fetish. One indvidual places their feet around the penis and caresses it until orgasm is achieved. Variations where the clitoris is stimulated by feet also occur. [5]
  • Frottage is most commonly known as the act of rubbing male genitalia against another person’s breasts, buttocks, abdomen, genitalia etc. Although often described as a homosexual act between two males, it is not limited to this group. It also describes the separate paraphilia of rubbing or pressing one’s genitalia against an unsuspecting, unconsenting stranger. [6]
  • Hand job is the stimulation of a penis using another individual's hand. Orgasm is generally the goal of this act. [7]
  • Intercrural sex is when the penis is stimulated by placing it between another individual's thighs. Lubrication maybe be used to allow the penis to move more freely between the thighs.[8] [9]
  • Intergluteal sex is the stimulation of the penis using the buttocks. It differes from anal sex because no penetration of the anus occurs. The penis is stimulated by moving between the buttocks. [10]
  • Kissing involves the touching of one person’s lips against another person’s. It can include kissing on the cheek, light kissing (closed mouth kissing) or deep kissing (french kissing) where the mouth is opened. Kissing may also be done on other parts of the body and is considered to be part of foreplay. All individuals (regardless of sexual orientation or gender) can enjoy kissing. [11] [12]
  • Mutual masturbation occurs when at least two individuals touch (caress, stroke) the genitals of one another in an attempt to achieve pleasure or orgasm. Also known as heavy petting. This act can be practiced by any two (or more) individuals and when it is performed by one individual it is known simply as masturbation.[14] [15]
  • Stimulation of nipples is when one partner caresses (either manually or orally) the nipples of their partner. Any individual can participate in this act and it can be done in pairs or groups. [16]
  • Tribadism is the act of rubbing female genitalia against one another (either rubbing genitalia together or rubbing one individuals genitalia against other parts of another individuals body). It is done in a lesbian context. [18]

Non-exclusively Non-penetrative

The following is a list of partner non-exclusive non-penetrative sex acts. This means that although these activities are often thought of as having a penetrative component, parts of them are non-penetrative and thus are included in this list.

Hook-up Culture[edit]

In many developed nations, there is a trend on the rise that sees young individuals (typically late teens and early twenties) engaging in casual sex (also known as a hook-up). This is a loosely defined term depending on who you ask, but generally means participating in some type of sex act (whether it is non-penetrative or penetrative) with another individual or group of individuals outside of a romantic relationship[22]. Hooking up may be in the form of a one night stand where the sex acts are contained within a single situation or the individuals may "hook-up" on a more consistent basis (sometimes known as being friends with benefits). In addition, hooking up can mean different things to different people. Some individuals believe a hook-up is "anything but intercourse" which would include many of the non-penetrative sex acts. Others believe that these non-penetrative acts may be apart of foreplay, but that hooking up is truly defined by the act of intercourse[23]. These arrangements typically focus on the physical pleasure gained from a sex act instead of an emotional attachment. These situations can be risky, especially if sexual history is not obtained before the acts take place. Contraceptives may not be utilized if the individuals were not planning on engaging in a sex act. Being prepared for a hook-up can help decrease risk. Obtaining consent, using contraceptives and ensuring all individuals present understand this is a "hook-up" with no other expectations can maximize benefits while minimizing risk[24]. For individuals who do not have time for a committed, romantic relationship, a hook-up can be a positive experience, so long as they take precautions to minimize risk. The benefits of sex acts are numerous and if an individual is concerned about sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy, non-penetrative sex acts (which carry a much smaller risk than penetrative sex) are an excellent option and offer a wide variety of things to choose from[25]. In addition, it can be a good opportunity for individuals who may be questioning their sexual orientation to try being with another individual in a casual setting, without having to be in a more serious relationship to determine if they enjoy the sexual part of this new orientation. Since women's sexuality tends to be more fluid than men's[26], this could be a could opportunity for a woman to try on a different sexual orientation if they have been questioning the one they currently identify with. For more information on fluidity of sexual orientation, click here.

Health Risks and Safety[edit]

There is a sociocultural viewpoint that because non-penetrative sex acts do not involve a direct exchange of semen and vaginal fluids and because at no point (in exclusively non-penetrative sex acts) does anything penetrate the vagina, these acts are risk free. Although the risks associated with non-penetrative sex acts may be less than those associated with sexual intercourse [27], there are still serious risks that can occur. [28] [29] There is a slight risk for pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease (STDs) with certain non-penetrative sex acts. [30] [31] [32]

Pregnancy Risk

The pregnancy risk for heterosexual couples without intercourse is rare, however it is possible in certain situations if:

These situations very rarely lead to pregnancy, however if you are concered about pregnancy risk, see “Reduce Your Risk” to find out how to keep you and your partner safe.

STD Risk

The risk for STD use for any couple practicing non-penetrative sex is much less than with intercourse, however there is risk. In terms of exclusively non-penatrative sex acts, the risks vary depending on the act, however some common STD's and how they are contracted are found below [35]:

  • Herpes can be spread through kissing or anytime an infected mouth or genitals comes into contact with another individual's mouth or genitals (when it occurs on the genitals, it is known as genital herpes)
  • Genital warts is similar to herpes, but caused by a different virus. It is also spread by skin-to-skin contact with the genitals
  • Chancroid is spread through skin-to-skin contact when an infected individual has sores present and these sores come into contact with another individual (generally in the genital area)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is spread through coming into contact with various body secretions (saliva, genital excretions, blood etc.)
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is spread through skin-to-skin contact
  • Molluscum contagiosum is spread through close contact with an infected person (sharing personal items or close skin-to-skin contact)
  • Crab louse (also known as pubic lice or crabs) can be spread through close contact with an infected individual
  • Scabies is spread through close contact with an infected indivudal
  • Syphilis can be spread through kissing, but is much more likely to be spread through oral sex, anal sex or vaginal intercourse
  • Trichomoniasis (Trich) can be spread through sharing sex toys, during mutual masturbation or anytime genital fluid are passed from one person to another

In terms of non-exclusive non-penatrative sex acts, the risks increase a bit, because there is penetration (either into the mouth, vagina or anus) and there is the potential for bodily fluids (semen, vaginal secretions, saliva) to be exchanged. In addition to the STD's listed above, the following can be transmitted through non-exclusive non-penetrative sex acts. [36]

Many individuals are concerned about HIV/AIDs risk. Generally you must either have unprotected intercourse (vaginal or anal), use an infected syringe or have the virus passed from mother to child to be infected. You can NOT be infected from casual contact such as hugging, however there is a very small risk that if HIV infected blood, or genital secretions (semen or vaginal secretions) gets into an open wound you could be at risk.

Reduce Your Risk

The only way to completely protect yourself and your partner from pregnancy and STD risk is to completely abstain from all sexual activities. However, there are several ways to decrease your risk should you decide to participate.

Barrier Methods

  • Dental dams offer STD protection during oral sex. If a dental dam is not available, you can make your own out of a condom with instructions found here
  • Condoms can also provide STD protection during oral sex. This video offers helpful tips on how to use a condom properly and can be viewed by clicking here
  • Latex gloves can be used during mutual masturbation or fingering to prevent the transmission of STD’s

Hormonal Methods If you are concerned about the very small risk you may get pregnant, there are several hormonal contraceptive birth control methods that you can use

Dual protection (using both a barrier device and hormonal method) can be very effective at preventing both pregnancy and STD transmission.[37]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kafka, M. P. (2010). Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(2), 377-400.
  2. ^ Knaapila, A., Tuorila, H., Vuoksimaa, E., Keskitalo-Vuokko, K., Rose, R. J., Kaprio, J., & Silventoinen, K. (2011). Pleasantness of the Odor of Androstenone as a Function of Sexual Intercourse Experience in Women and Men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1-6.
  3. ^ http://www.livestrong.com/article/69306-sensual-massage/
  4. ^ Phillips, N. A. (2000). Female sexual dysfunction: evaluation and treatment. American Family Physician, 62(1), 127-148.
  5. ^ Bruckner, A. (2010). Illustrated Foot Sex: Footjobs & Foot Fetishism. Brian Phillippe.
  6. ^ Waldby, C., Kippax, S., & Crawford, J. (1993). Research note: Heterosexual men and ‘safe sex’practice. Sociology of Health & Illness, 15(2), 246-256.
  7. ^ http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/handjob
  8. ^ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Intercrural+Sex
  9. ^ Cartwright, R., Ben‐Nagi, J., & Smith, R. (2007). Intercrural sex leading to an unexpected pregnancy in a woman with a stenotic vagina secondary to congenital adrenal hyperplasia. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 114(6), 767-768.
  10. ^ http://www.completeorgasmguide.com/intergluteal-sex/
  11. ^ http://www.teensadvisor.com/teen-dating/kissing.html
  12. ^ Hans, J. D., & Kimberly, C. (2011). Abstinence, Sex, and Virginity: Do They Mean What We Think They Mean?. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 6(4), 329-342.
  13. ^ Citation O'Barr, W. M. (2011). Sex and Advertising. Advertising & Society Review, 12(2).
  14. ^ http://www.teensadvisor.com/teen-dating/mutual-masturbation.html
  15. ^ Richters, J., & Song, A. (1999). Australian university students agree with Clinton's definition of sex. BMJ, 318(7189), 1011.
  16. ^ Levin, R., & Meston, C. (2006). Nipple/breast stimulation and sexual arousal in young men and women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 3(3), 450-454.
  17. ^ McCarthy, B. W., Ginsberg, R. L., & Fucito, L. M. (2006). Resilient sexual desire in heterosexual couples. The Family Journal, 14(1), 59-64.
  18. ^ Jude Schell (2008). Lesbian Sex: 101 Lovemaking Positions. Random House Digital. pp. 224
  19. ^ Richters, J., Hendry, O., & Kippax, S. (2003). When safe sex isn't safe. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 5(1), 37-52.
  20. ^ Edwards, S., & Carne, C. (1998). Oral sex and the transmission of viral STIs. Sexually transmitted infections, 74(1), 6-10.
  21. ^ Choices, N. H. S. (2012). What is oral sex?-Health questions-NHS Choices.
  22. ^ Arnold, K. D. (2010). College student development and the hook-up culture. Journal of College & Character, 11(4).
  23. ^ Heldman, C., & Wade, L. (2010). Hook-up culture: Setting a new research agenda. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 7(4), 323-333.
  24. ^ Garcia, J. R., & Reiber, C. (2008). Hook-up behavior: A biopsychosocial perspective. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 2(4), 192-208.
  25. ^ Bradshaw, C., Kahn, A. S., & Saville, B. K. (2010). To hook up or date: which gender benefits?. Sex Roles, 62(9-10), 661-669.
  26. ^ Diamond, L. M. (2008). Female bisexuality from adolescence to adulthood: Results from a 10-year longitudinal study. Developmental psychology, 44(1), 5.
  27. ^ http://www.bashh.org/public/safer_sex_advice
  28. ^ http://www.getthefacts.health.wa.gov.au/3/63/1/nonpenetrative_sex.pm
  29. ^ Richters, J., Hendry, O., & Kippax, S. (2003). When safe sex isn't safe. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 5(1), 37-52.
  30. ^ http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/975.aspx?CategoryID=54&SubCategoryID=128
  31. ^ http://www.bhiva.org/documents/Guidelines/SaferSex/BASHH_BHIVA_Safer_Sex_Advice_FEB_2012.pdf)
  32. ^ Clutterbuck, D. J., Flowers, P., Barber, T., Wilson, H., Nelson, M., Hedge, B., & Sullivan, A. K. (2012). UK national guideline on safer sex advice. International journal of STD & AIDS, 23(6), 381-388.
  33. ^ http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/975.aspx?CategoryID=54&SubCategoryID=128
  34. ^ Medley-Rath, S. R. (2007). “Am I still a virgin?”: What counts as sex in 20 years of Seventeen. Sexuality and Culture, 11(2), 24-38.
  35. ^ http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/stds-hiv-safer-sex-101.htm
  36. ^ Choices, N. H. S. (2013). Sex activities and risk-Live Well-NHS Choices. Men's health, 18, 39.
  37. ^ Reprod Health Matters. 2006 Nov;14(28):162-70.

Further reading[edit]

  • Ann van Sevenant (2005). Sexual Outercourse: A Philosophy of Lovemaking. Peeters. p. 249. ISBN 9042916176.
  • Ian Kerner (2004). She Comes First: The Thinking Man's Guide to Pleasuring a Woman. HarperCollins. p. 240. ISBN 0060538252.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mutual masturbation.
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