User:JustinePorto/Public toilets in Florida
| Public toilets in Florida | |
|---|---|
 Keaton Beach Coastal Park parking lot restrooms | |
| Language of toilets | |
| Local words | restrooms |
| Men's toilets | Men |
| Women's toilets | Women |
| Public toilet statistics | |
| Toilets per 100,000 people | 6 (2021) |
| Total toilets | ?? |
| Public toilet use | |
| Type | Western style sit toilet |
| Locations | ??? |
| Average cost | ??? |
| Often equipped with | ??? |
| Percent accessible | ??? |
| Date first modern public toilets | ??? |
| . | |
Public toilets in Florida are found at a rate of six per 100,000 people. They were initially used to combat public health issues. They were later part of racial and feminist battles.
Public toilets[edit]
washroom is one of the most commonly used words for public toilet in the United States.[1]
A 2021 study found there were six public toilets per 100,000 people.[2]
In 2018, Lonely Planet labeled the Art Deco toilets in Miami Beach as one of the fifteen most interesting in the world. Some of the toilets have been listed on the US National Register of Historic Places.[3]
Tampa International Airport spent several million dollars renovating their public toilets. After that, they were a finalist for Cintas's Best Bathrooms Award.[4]
History[edit]
The Rockefeller Sanitary Commission was founded in 1909 to combat hookworm disease in the South. A survey was done of 11 southern states, which confirmed the presence of hookworm in 700 countries. A chief cause of spread of hookworm disease as open defecation in farmland. The Rockefeller Sanitary Commission program helped install public toilets and promote their use as part of their efforts to reduce hookworm disease. This was coupled with offering free exams and health treatment for hookworm disease.[5]
Because Prohibition saw an increase in the construction of public toilets to address the new found demand, many municipalities located outside the South built sex-segregated public toilets that were essentially the same construction inside, with the same number of stalls and layout for each. In the South, public toilet facilities tended to have four toilet sections that reinforced racial segregation, one for white women, one for white men, one for colored men and one for colored women.[6]
When NASA was designing toilets for the space program in the late 1950s, they had considered throwing solid waste out of the capsules. In the end, they determined this would be diplomatically unacceptable so that plan was not followed through.[7]
Racially segregated public toilets were very common in the 1960s.[8] There was a push back against building public toilets in Jim Crow states during the period between 1865 and 1960, because it meant that local governments were not just required to build two toilets, one for men and one for women, but four toilets, one each for men and women who were white and who were colored.[8]
Florida and North Carolina had dealt with the desegregation of public toilets. This likely made state residents more open to claims by Equal Rights Amendment opponents to the passage of the constitutional amendment on the grounds it would lead to unisex public toilets.[9] Illinois, Oklahoma, Florida and North Carolina did not ratify the Equal Rights Amendment. It is possible the opposition framing the constitutional amendment as requiring all public toilets become unisex played some role in the lack of ratification.[10]
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, public pay toilets were viewed by feminist activists as sexist because public urinals were free but public sit style toilets were not. The Committee to End Pay Toilets in America, more commonly known as CEPTIA, tried to change this by getting municipals on public pay toilets. Their first success was in Chicago in 1973. This was then followed by municipal and state wide success in a strong of additional states including Alaska, California, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio, New Jersey, New York, Tennessee, and Wyoming.[11]
Pensacola based Gulf South Industries president Kathie Jones invented a urinal for women that could be used in women's public washrooms in the late 1980s that would allow women to pee standing up by using a cup on the end of a flexible tube.[12]
The Tampa Bay Bandits in the United States Football League were so broke by the end of their history that the coach paid for toilet paper in team facilities out of his own pocket.[13]
References[edit]
- ^ Hess, Nico (2019-08-04). Introducing Global Englishes. Scientific e-Resources. ISBN 978-1-83947-299-2.
- ^ QS Supplies (11 October 2021). "Which Cities Have The Most and Fewest Public Toilets?". QS Supplies. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
- ^ Planet, Lonely (2018-01-10). "15 retretes sorprendentes". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
- ^ Nast, Condé (2014-01-23). "To Sochi: These Are How Public Restrooms Should Look". Condé Nast Traveler. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ Tisdale, E. S.; Atkins, C. H. (November 1943). "The Sanitary Privy and Its Relation to Public Health". American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health. 33 (11): 1319–1322. doi:10.2105/AJPH.33.11.1319. ISSN 0002-9572. PMC 1527454. PMID 18015900.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Baldwin, P. C. (2014-12-01). "Public Privacy: Restrooms in American Cities, 1869-1932". Journal of Social History. 48 (2): 264–288. doi:10.1093/jsh/shu073. ISSN 0022-4529.
- ^ Mokdad, Allaa (2018). Public Toilets, The Implications In/For Architecture (PDF). Southfield, Michigan: The Lawrence Technological University.
- ^ a b Yuko, Elizabeth (5 November 2021). "Where Did All the Public Bathrooms Go?". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ Mansbridge, Jane J. (2015-07-15). Why We Lost the ERA. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-18644-3.
- ^ Mansbridge, Jane J. (2015-07-15). Why We Lost the ERA. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-18644-3.
- ^ House, Sophie (November 19, 2018). "Pay Toilets Are Illegal in Much of the U.S. They Shouldn't Be". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
- ^ Company, Johnson Publishing (1988-02-08). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company.
- ^ Institute, Bathroom Readers' (2012-11-01). Uncle John's Legendary Lost Bathroom Reader. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-60710-670-8.
