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History of animal vaccinations

See also: vaccination

Animals have been both the receiver and the source of vaccines. Through laboratory testing, the first animal vaccine created was for chicken cholera in 1879 by Louis Pasteur. As well, Pasteur invented an anthrax vaccine for sheep and cattle in 1881, and the rabies vaccine in 1884. Monkeys and rabbits were used to grow and attenuate the rabies virus. Starting in 1881, Spinal cord material from infected rabbits was given to dogs to inoculate them against rabies. Subsequently in 1885, the vaccine was given to a 9-year-old boy infected with the rabies disease, Joseph Meister, who survived when no one had before. This was such a world-wide breakthrough that many scientists started to collaborate and further Pasteur’s work.

Animals have also been the source of vaccines. An example of this is smallpox. Smallpox was a deadly disease most known for its rash and high death rate of 30% if contracted (https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/smallpox/). Edward Jenner, the pioneer of vaccinations, tested his theory in 1796 that if a human had already been infected with cowpox that they would not become ill with smallpox. It proved to be true and thus started the pathway to the eradication of the disease (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0163445305002197).

Through the World Health Organisations eradication effort, 80% of people were vaccinated in each country. Subsequently case finding and then ring vaccination was used, resulting in smallpox being the first eradication of a disease through vaccination in 1980 (https://www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/vaccines/en/ ).

Issues in relation to vaccination of animals

Public health

Anthropozoonoses, which is diseases common to humans and animals.

Reduce antibiotics

See also: Antimicrobial resistance