EM Gardner
E M Gardner | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Born | Emilie Montgomery Gardner 30 September 1882 |
| Died | 8 April 1959 |
| Nationality | American British |
| Education | Newnham College |
| Occupation(s) | teacher and civil servant |
EM Gardner OBE was the name used by Emilie Montgomery Gardner (30 September 1882 – 8 April 1959). She was an American-born British photographer and a British suffragist. In later life she took to photographing notable buildings. About 1,800 of her photographs are kept by Historic England until 2029 when they will be unprotected and freely available.
Life[edit]
Gardner was born in New Haven in Connecticut in 1882. About ten years later her family moved to the Black Country. It was intended to be a temporary move so that her father could establish a factory in Birmingham, but their plans changed and they stayed in England. Her younger sister, Elinor Wight Gardner, as a leading British geologist.[1]
She was a member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) from 1900. Gardner attended Newnham College from 1904 and she became the President of the joint NUWSS society that involved students from Newnham and from its sister college, Girton.[2] Newnham was one of the few women's colleges that were part of Cambridge University. The students were allowed to take classes and identical exams to male students but they were denied a Cambridge degree irrespective of their success. She completed her time in Newnham in 1907, but she was involved in the 1908 suffrage tour.[2]
In 1908 a caravan tour was organised that began in Scotland. The caravan was pulled by a horse and driven by a man. The caravan travelled from place to place and the caravan would be redirected to good places to stay by some outriders who used their own bicycles. The caravan had campbeds and a tent that allowed five or six to sleep. They toured into Keswick, Bridlington and the north of England and they would give talks about women's suffrage. The caravan visited Oxford, Stratford and Warwick. They argued the case for women to get the vote, but they avoided ambitions of getting women to be members of parliament as this was too radical. The women on the caravan included Ray Strachey and Gardner. The tour finished in the East Midlands at Derby where they attracted a crowd of 1,000 people.[2]
In 1912 she became a British citizen.[1]
After the first world war, some British women were allowed to vote, subject to both age and property ownership, and in 1928 all women over the age of 21 were allowed to vote.[3]
In the 1942 Birthday Honours Gardner was awarded an OBE for her work in the civil service.[4]
Gardner was keen on buildings and she was particularly keen on water mills. She persuaded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings to take more interest and as a result the Wind and Watermill Section in 1946. Throughout most of the 1950s she was on that section's committee.[5]
Death and legacy[edit]
Gardner died in Chichester on 8 April 1959 after a minor operation at the local hospital.[1][6] About 1,800 of her photographs are held by Historic England.[1] They will be out of copyright in 2029.
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d "Women Photographers: Emilie Montgomery Gardner". Historic England. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ a b c Slack, Sue (15 September 2018). Cambridge Women and the Struggle for the Vote. Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 62-68. ISBN 978-1-4456-8550-2.
- ^ "Women get the vote". UK Parliament. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ "Supplement to the London Gazette" (PDF). The Gazette. 11 June 1942. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ "E M Gardner (d. 1959)". The Mills Archive. 1 January 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ Viney, Chris (12 May 2018). "Milling for votes". The Mills Archive. Retrieved 14 May 2024.