Draft:Georgios Frangoudes

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Georgios Frangoudes (Greek: Γεώργιος Φραγκούδης) (Limassol, 1869 – Athens, 7 August 1939) was a Cypriot lawyer, social scientist, journalist, newspaper publisher, writer, historian, politician and one of the co-founders of Panteion University.

Early life and education[edit]

Frangoudes was born in Limassol in 1869, he was the son of Socrates Frangoudes (Σωκράτης Φραγκούδης) (1869-1939), of the well known Frangoudes family of Limassol. His family arrived in Limassol from Trieste in the 1770's, ultimately originating in Kefalonia. His mother was Zoe Pilavaki (Ζωή Πιλαβάκη), another old family of Limassol, also with roots from Eptanisa. Socrates was a member of the Legislative Council of Cyprus, representing the district of Paphos. Later he became the first director of the Ottoman Bank's branch in Limassol.[1][2] He had three siblings Aikaterini Palaiologos, Nicholas Frangoudes and Augusta Frangoudi Evangelides. He was first cousin, from his father's side, of Menelaos and Nicholas Frangoudis and Simos Menardos.[3] Their family home was on Commandaria street, in Agia Napa quarter of Limassol.

He went to the Co-educational School of Limassol (Αλληλοδιδακτικό Σχολείο) and studied under important teachers of the time including, Demetrios Nicolaides, Andreas Themistocleous and Aristotelis Palaiologos. After finishing this school at 15, he went to Athens in 1884 in order to get a high school diploma. In 1885 at the age of 16 he studied law at the University of Athens, graduating in 1890. Then he studied political science at the École libre des sciences politiques in Paris and then in London to learn English.[1] In 1897 due to the outbreak of the Greco-Turkish war, he went to Alexandria to learn French.

Career[edit]

In Athens he founded the Πατριοτικός Σύνδεσμος Κυπρίων in 1898. As its president he organised in Zappeion in 1901 the first expo of Cypriot agricultural products that included demonstrations of traditional dances and athletic games. The expo was inaugurated by Spyridon Mercouris, mayor of Athens and the Cypriot participants were welcomed by Kostis Palamas with the poem "Καλῶς μᾶς ἤρθατε παιδιά". Furthermore, the expo was visited by king George I.[1]

In 1898 he founded and was president of the Association of Cypriots of Athens (Σύνδεσμος Κυπρίων Αθηνών).[4]

Journalist[edit]

As a journalist he published fiery pro enosis articles in 1898-1899 for the Limassol newspaper Αλήθεια,[2] in which he was chief editor.[5]

In Athens he was the founder and editor the political newspaper Μεταρύθμισις (1904-1905, 1921-1923),[4] the newspaper followed the Venizelist line.[6] For his journalism in Μεταρύθμισις he was imprisoned in Athens in 1904.[2] In its second iteration the newspaper acted as the mouthpiece of the National Democratic Party (Greece).

In Limassol he founded the first daily newspaper Φώς (26 April 1920 - 6 May 1920).[4][6]

In 1929 he was publishing articles in the Athenian press shelving enosis and supporting political reform within the British empire.[7]

Lawyer[edit]

Frangoudes worked as an advocate in Athens. Subsequently, he practiced law in Alexandria (1905-1910) and then in Khartoum (1911-1916) after which he returned to Athens in 1918.[4]

Political scientist and academic[edit]

Panteion_University's_Central_Building
The first, historic building of Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, classes started on 18 November 1930.

He founded and was the president of Εκπαιδευτική Αναγέννησις (1924).[4] With this etairia he started fundraising for the University, he travelled to the UK, Egypt and the US, where he stayed for one year. He also got a bank loan and a grand from the Greek government. He bought a plot of land on Andrea Syngrou Avenue, where the first building of the Panteion, the foundation stone was laid in 1927.[8]

He co-founder along with Alexandros Pantos, who bequeathed 450,000 drachmas in his will saying that a school of social sciences should be founded and named after him, placing the Greek state and specifically the greek prime minister as the guard of the money, to the Greek state.[8] Pantos was also a graduate of law at Athens and of political sciences at École libre des sciences politiques. The men dreamed of creating in Greece a school of political science like Sciences Po.

The school was named Ελευθέρα Σχολή Πολιτικών Οικονομικών Επιστημών and started operating on 18 November 1930, in 1931 it was renamed Panteion Senior School of Political Studies (Πάντειος Σχολή Πολιτικών Επιστημών), in honor of Alexandros Pantos.[8][1] The inauguration was done by Eleftherios Venizelos.[1] The initial curriculum included five disciplines: Politics, Law, Economics, Sociology, Criminology and Penitentiary and Journalism, Geography and Philosophy.[8]

In the school Frangoudes worked as a teacher, teaching Modern Greek history, and as first head of the school (1930-1937). Frangoudes donated his personal library to Panteion. In 1937, Panteion came under public ownership and was recognised as a university and the Metaxas regime dismissed him.[1]

Politician[edit]

He was elected to Parliament in the 1923 Greek legislative election, representing Athens-Pireus.[4]

Frangoudes was a proponent of Greek Cypriot nationalism, similarly to Christodoulos Sozos, mayor of Limassol.[9] He was a member of the masonic Zenon lodge founded in Limassol in 1893 and played a key role in the disemination of Greek nationalism.[10]

Although in his early years he was a staunch proponent of enosis. His ideology was influenced by the Party of Radicals (Ionian Islands).[2] Additionally, he was influenced by Venizelos' ideas and consequently favoured first Cypriot autonomy within the British Empire and then enosis, similarly to the United States of the Ionian Islands.[7] He was a collaborator of Eleftherios Venizelos, he supported him during the National Schism,[2] and they both retained a critical stance against the 1931 Cyprus revolt.[1] His change in his stance from enosis to autonomy was fiercely opposed by other writers of the time and he was attacked by Cypriot students in the Panteion.[2] In 1933 Frangoudes published a proposed constitution for the Cyprus State, based on the constitutions of Greece and Malta. He presented his constitution to Edward Stubbs, British governor of Cyprus, who didn't give the proposal to autonomy any consideration.[7]

Historian and writer[edit]

He was an avid writer, leaving works on history, political science, novels, he wrote his first book at the age of 17. He also translated into Greek the work Barabbas, A Dream of the World's Tragedy (1893) by Maria Corelli.[2] In his short stories he employed the use of Cypriot Greek, to give emphasis to folkloric aspects of the Cypriot countryside.[11] Frangoudes historical works give a glimpse of the life on the island in the end of the 19th century.[12]

Personal life[edit]

He married Sofia and they had three children, Hermes Frangoudes, Zoe Frangoudes and Athinais Antoniades.[3] Hermes and Zoe both studied political sciences and then worked in Panteion, Hermes as first writer until 1941 where he left due to WW II where he participated in the Greek resistance, in 1945 he returned to Cyprus. He had a house in Agios Theros in Karpasia he hid wanted fighters of EOKA. In 1964 he was voluntered in the Cypriot Army and in 1974 aksiomatikos, he had three children fight in the war Georgios, Stephanos and Socratis.

and Zoe as a dioikitikos ipallilos and director of the library until 1998. Hermes has a son named Georgios Frangoudes, editor.

He spent the last years of his life in Kallithea.[2] He died in 7 August 1939 at Evangelismos Hospital in Athens. Following his wishes, his daughter Athinais moved his tomb from Athens to Limassol in the family tomb at Agios Nikolaos cemetery. His wife Sofia died in 16 November 1976 and his son Hermes were buried in the same plot.[1]

Frangoudes was an avid trekker, he trekked Cyprus, Greece, Asia Minor, various European countries (Paris-Brussels), Africa and America.[2]

Legacy[edit]

There is a bust of Frangoudes and Pantos outside of the Frangoudes museum, that was founded in 2014, at Panteion University.

In 2015 he was commemorated by a stamp from the Cyprus post.[13]

categories

Cypriot political scientists

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

Publications[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Polignosi. "Φραγκούδης Γεώργιος". www.polignosi.com. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Παπαπολυβίου, Πέτρος (2019-05-25). "Γεώργιος Σ. Φραγκούδης (1869-1939)". Φιλελεύθερος | Philenews (in Greek). Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  3. ^ a b "George Frangoudis". geni_family_tree. 1869. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  4. ^ a b c d e f D. Christopoulou, Marianna (2021-07-01). "Cypriot associations in Athens at the turn of the nineteenth century: visions and rivalries". Cahiers du Centre d'Etudes Chypriotes (51): 261–280. doi:10.4000/cchyp.795. ISSN 0761-8271.
  5. ^ Nikolaou, Petros (2018), Kyritsi, Thekla; Christofis, Nikos (eds.), "National Identity, Otherness, and Bi-communal Relations Through the Cypriot Greek-Speaking Press Between 1878 and 1912", Cypriot Nationalisms in Context, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 47–73, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97804-8_3, ISBN 978-3-319-97803-1, retrieved 2024-05-06
  6. ^ a b Polignosi. "«Φως»". www.polignosi.com. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  7. ^ a b c Markides, Diana; Georghallides, G. S. (1995). "British Attitudes to Constitution-Making in Post-1931 Cyprus". Journal of Modern Greek Studies. 13 (1): 63–81. doi:10.1353/mgs.2010.0395. ISSN 1086-3265.
  8. ^ a b c d "Ιστορία του Παντείου". Πάντειον Πανεπιστήμιον Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών.
  9. ^ Katsourides, Yiannos (2018), Kyritsi, Thekla; Christofis, Nikos (eds.), "The Rise of Greek Cypriot Nationalism to Hegemony: Agency, Particularities, and Popularization", Cypriot Nationalisms in Context, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 25–46, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97804-8_2, ISBN 978-3-319-97803-1, retrieved 2024-05-06
  10. ^ Katsourides, Yiannos (2017), "The Reconstruction of the Public Sphere: The Hegemony of Nationalism", The Greek Cypriot Nationalist Right in the Era of British Colonialism, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 73–96, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55536-2_4, ISBN 978-3-319-55534-8, retrieved 2024-05-06
  11. ^ Hadjiathanasiou, Christos (2007-12-14). "The Short Story in Cyprus from the End of the 19th Century until 1920". Études helléniques / Hellenic Studies. 15 (2): 253–262. ISSN 0824-8621.
  12. ^ Balta, Evangelia, ed. (2022). Registering Life in a Multicultural City: Late Ottoman Nicosia: The Sources and Their Interpretation. Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. doi:10.5771/9783956509926. ISBN 978-3-95650-992-6.
  13. ^ "Definitive Stamps Issue: Intellectual Personalities of Cyprus". Cyprus Post.
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