Open-mid central unrounded vowel
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See also: IPA, Consonants
| Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |
| Close | |||||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Near-open | |||||
| Open | |||||
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right
represents a rounded vowel.
represents a rounded vowel.
| IPA – number | 326 |
| IPA – text | ɜ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ɜ |
| X-SAMPA | 3 |
| Kirshenbaum | V" |
| Sound sample | |
The open-mid central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɜ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is 3. Note that the IPA symbol is not the number "3", but a reversed epsilon.
Contents |
[edit] Features
- Its vowel height is open-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between an open vowel and a mid vowel.
- Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
[edit] Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | RP[1] | bird | [bɜːd] | 'bird' | In (non-RP) rhotic dialects, [ɜː] occurs in a rhotacized form in stressed syllables. |
| Ohio[2] | bust | [bɜst] | 'bust' | The most common realization of the vowel transcribed as < ʌ > in American English.[3][4] | |
| most of Texas[5] | |||||
| Paicĩ | [mbʷɜ̄] | 'remainder' | |||
[edit] Notes
- ^ Ladefoged (1993: 82)
- ^ Johnson (2001:27-28)
- ^ Johnson (2001:27-28)
- ^ Ladefoged (1993: 82)
- ^ Johnson (2001:27-28)
[edit] Bibliography
- Ladefoged, Peter. (1993). A course in phonetics (3rd ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers.
- Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 239-245
- Thomas, Erik R. (2001), An acoustic analysis of vowel variation in New World English, Publication of the American Dialect Society, 85, Duke University Press for the American Dialect Society, ISSN 0002-8207
