Keefers

Coordinates: 50°00′59″N 121°32′04″W / 50.01639°N 121.53444°W / 50.01639; -121.53444
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Keefers
Keefers is located in British Columbia
Keefers
Location of Keefers in British Columbia
Coordinates: 50°00′59″N 121°32′04″W / 50.01639°N 121.53444°W / 50.01639; -121.53444
CountryCanada
ProvinceBritish Columbia
RegionFraser Canyon
Regional DistrictFraser Valley
Area codes250, 778, 236, & 672

Keefers is a railway point in the lower Fraser Canyon area of southwestern British Columbia. The ghost town is on the west shore of the Fraser River and north of the mouth of the Nahatlatch River.[1] The locality is by rail about 82 kilometres (50.8 mi) north of Hope and 26 kilometres (15.9 mi) south of Lytton.[2]

Name origin[edit]

George Alexander Keefer (1836–1912), surveyor and construction engineer, had charge of building the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) between North Bend and Lytton.[3] During this period, he resided with his wife and children at his headquarters, namely the future Keefers.[4][5]

Mining[edit]

In 1858, during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, placer miners worked the river bars. Being forewarned that hostile First Nations intended to exterminate them, a party of 20 miners were retreating down the Fraser, when they came under attack at Mariners' Bar, just upstream from later Keefers. Five survivors, some seriously wounded, were able to escape. From that time, the location was known as Slaughter Flat.[6]

The goldrush also drew thousands of Chinese to the Fraser Canyon, who then remained in the area.[7] In the early 1880s, many were involved in building the CP, having accommodation at Keefers more permanent than found in the temporary camps.[3] This Chinese village remained a notable feature well after construction was completed.[8]

In the late 1890s, larger scale hydraulic mining took place in the vicinity.[9] Over the following decades, small groups of prospectors worked the gravel bars[10] and smaller scale mining continued in the surrounding hills.[11]

Railways[edit]

In August 1883, the northward advance of the CP rail head from Yale passed through Keefers[4] toward a temporary terminus at the Cisco Bridge.[12]

Train Station, Keefers, 1885

A few miles north of Keefers during construction, a contractor's locomotive struck a rockslide, derailed, fell, and slid down toward the river, but neither the crew were injured nor the locomotive damaged.[13] After CP construction ended, the Skuzzy was berthed at Keefers until its machinery was removed in 1884.[14]

In 1885, about 5 kilometres (3 mi) north, a locomotive derailed at the edge of a steep drop.[15]

In 1888, a train struck a nightwatchman, crushing his hands and splintering his forearm.[16]

In 1892, a passing train struck a plank on the station platform, which inflicted a fatal blow upon a carpenter at work.[17]

During the erection of a large stone arch[18] a few miles to the south in 1895, the mast of a derrick broke and fell, fatally injuring a member of the masonry crew.[19]

Train Timetables (Regular stop or Flag stop)
Mile 1887 1891 1898 1905 1909 1912 1916 1919 1929 1932 1935 1939 1943 1948 1954 1960 1964 1965
[2] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [2] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36]
Gladwin  90.1 Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Lytton  94.9 Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Both Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Both Both Regular Regular Both
Cisco  99.6 Flag Regular Flag Flag
Kanaka 103.9 Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Keefers 110.8 Regular Regular Regular Regular Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Both Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Chaumox 116.5 Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
North Bend 121.5 Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular Regular
China Bar    6.1 Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Spuzzum  15.5 Regular Flag Flag Regular Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Both Flag Flag

In 1903, the engineer of an eastbound passenger train braked on sighting a massive washout ahead. The crew jumped to safety at the last moment before the locomotive and tender rolled 122 metres (400 ft) down an embankment to the river edge.[37]

In 1907, a freight train struck a boulder and derailed, but the crew escaped serious injury.[38]

On watching a landslide destroy the track in 1911, a watchman mounted his speeder, rushed toward an oncoming passenger train, signalled it to halt, threw his speeder from the track, and saved the passing locomotive from reaching the slide area.[39]

In 1912, during the construction of the Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) on the east side of the river, a massive landslide destroyed a tunnel.[40]

In November 1913, the eastward advance of the CNoR rail head almost reached the shore opposite Keefers.[41] Inkitsaph[42] was the station at that location.[43]

In 1916, passengers desperate for food on a snowbound CNoR train, walked across the frozen river to the small Keefer general store.[44]

While a westbound freight train was winding around the high rocky cliffs near Keefers in 1929, a bullet crashed through the caboose window.[45]

During the 1939 royal tour of Canada, the westbound royal train stayed overnight at Keefers.[46] The lack of any road access would have enhanced security,[47] and the trackside garden was picturesque.[48]

In 1953, a truck driver died when a locomotive struck his truck.[49]

In 1956, when a freighthopper fell, the freight car wheels severed his head, legs, and arms.[50]

Built in 1884, the standard-design (Bohi's Type 5) single-storey station building with gable roof and dormers was destroyed in 1964.[51] The passing track is 2,434 metres (7,986 ft) in length.[52]

In 2007, a Canadian National Railway (CN) locomotive derailed on striking a landslide near Inkitsaph.[53]

General community[edit]

G.A. Libby provided meals for travellers from the mid-1880s[54] and also accommodation by 1890.[55] In addition, he ran a general store by that time.[56]

Taking over from Libby,[57] who had become section foreman,[58] James Hannah provided meals and accommodation from 1895.[59] Hannah was the inaugural postmaster 1895–1914.[60]

When the school opened in 1899, Miss S. McAlpine was the inaugural teacher.[61]

The short-lived community[62] had a population of 126 in 1900.[63] Hannah may have been selective in the guests offered accommodation.[64]

By the late 1910s, the local economy was mining, ranching and orchards. A small cemetery existed. The general store was well stocked,[11] but the population had shrunk to about 25.[65]

The Hannah family remained as postmasters until 1953.[60] That year, a portable replaced the former one-room school building and a teacherage was erected.[66] The school closed in 1958.[67] The post office closed in 1965,[60] and the store assumedly closed around that time.

Ferry and road[edit]

At least during the 1890s, First Nations provided an informal canoe service which connected with the road on the east shore.[68]

Around 1960, a forest service road was built beyond Chaumox to provide vehicle access.[69]

Map[edit]

  • "Department of Lands and Forests Map". searcharchives.vancouver.ca. 1956.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Keefers (railway point)". BC Geographical Names.
  2. ^ a b c "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 28 Apr 1935. p. 6 (TT 70).
  3. ^ a b "The Ties that Bind Canada". royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  4. ^ a b "British Columbian". library.ubc.ca. 28 Jul 1883. p. 3.
  5. ^ Fleming, Sandford (1884). "England and Canada. A summer tour between old and new Westminster". library.ubc.ca. S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. p. 335 (317).
  6. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 23 Dec 1910. p. A10.
  7. ^ "The Gold Rush and the First Wave of Immigration". uvic.ca.
  8. ^ Barneby, William Henry (1889). "The new far West and the old far East". library.ubc.ca. Edward Stanford. p. 67 (43).
  9. ^ "Inland Sentinel". arch.tnrl.ca. 21 May 1897. p. A8.
  10. ^ "Minister of Mines annual report, 1912". library.ubc.ca. p. 229 (K186).
  11. ^ a b "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 29 Jun 1917. p. A4.
  12. ^ "Inland Sentinel". arch.tnrl.ca. 3 Apr 1884. p. A3.
  13. ^ Anstey, Arthur (1927). "The romance of British Columbia". library.ubc.ca. W. J. Gage & Co. p. 189 (179).
  14. ^ Wade, Mark Sweeten (1907). "The Thompson country". library.ubc.ca. Inland Sentinel Print. p. 123 (119).
  15. ^ "Image: Keefers Railroad Accident". www3.vpl.ca.
  16. ^ "Inland Sentinel". arch.tnrl.ca. 22 Sep 1888. p. A5.
  17. ^ "Vancouver Daily World". www.newspapers.com. 26 Jul 1892. p. 5.
  18. ^ "Mining Record, 1896". library.ubc.ca. p. 190 (18).
  19. ^ "Inland Sentinel". arch.tnrl.ca. 26 Apr 1895. p. A5.
  20. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. May 1887. pp. 14–15 (25–26).
  21. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 15 Jun 1891. pp. 100–102 (50–51).
  22. ^ "Timetable". babel.hathitrust.org. 18 Mar 1898. pp. 107–109 (60–61).
  23. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 8 Oct 1905. p. 49 (22).
  24. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 1 Sep 1909. p. 72 (22).
  25. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 1 Dec 1912. p. 85 (TT7).
  26. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Sep 1916. p. 147 (TT11).
  27. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 30 Nov 1919. p. 171 (TT11).
  28. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 1929. p. 11 (TT10).
  29. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 25 Sep 1932. p. 461 (TT78).
  30. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Feb 1939. p. 89 (TT7).
  31. ^ "Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. 27 Jun 1943. p. 9 (TT7).
  32. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 5 Dec 1948. p. 9 (TT7).
  33. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 25 Apr 1954. p. 9 (TT7).
  34. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 30 Oct 1960. p. 7 (TT7).
  35. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 26 Apr 1964. p. 93 (TT7).
  36. ^ "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 25 Apr 1965. p. 128 (TT7).
  37. ^ "Inland Sentinel". arch.tnrl.ca. 3 Nov 1903. p. A4.
  38. ^ "Daily News". library.ubc.ca. 5 Jun 1907. p. 4.
  39. ^ "Mail Herald". library.ubc.ca. 18 Mar 1911. p. 1.
  40. ^ "Daily News". library.ubc.ca. 26 Nov 1912. p. 1.
  41. ^ "Delta Times". library.ubc.ca. 29 Nov 1913. p. 4.
  42. ^ "Inkitsaph (railway point)". BC Geographical Names.
  43. ^ "Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. 30 Sep 1956. p. 54 (TT136).
  44. ^ "Saturday Chinook". library.ubc.ca. 5 Feb 1916. p. 2.
  45. ^ "Kamloops Sentinel". arch.tnrl.ca. 1 Nov 1929. p. A1.
  46. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 2 Jun 1939. p. A2.
  47. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 14 May 1937. p. A2.
  48. ^ "Kamloops Sentinel". arch.tnrl.ca. 30 Oct 1934. p. A5.
    "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 2 Nov 1945. p. A3.
  49. ^ "Death Certificate (Charles Reynolds SUMNER)". royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  50. ^ "Death Certificate (Robert James DUNBAR)". royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  51. ^ Bohi, Charles W.; Kozma, Leslie S. (1993). Canadian Pacific's Western Depots. South Platte Press. p. 130. ISBN 0-942035-25-9.
  52. ^ "CP Thompson Subdivision". www.okthepk.ca.
  53. ^ "Railway Investigation Report" (PDF). www.tsb.gc.ca. 17 Nov 2009. p. 17.
  54. ^ "Public Accounts, 1886–87". library.ubc.ca. p. 40 (59).
  55. ^ "Public Accounts, 1890–91". library.ubc.ca. p. 66 (99).
  56. ^ "1890 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  57. ^ "Public Accounts, 1892–93". library.ubc.ca. p. 57 (49).
  58. ^ "1894 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  59. ^ "Public Accounts, 1894–95". library.ubc.ca. p. 84 (80).
  60. ^ a b c "Postmasters". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  61. ^ "Public Schools annual report, 1899–1900". library.ubc.ca. pp. 39, 67, 90 (219, xix, xlii).
  62. ^ "Image: Aerial View of Keefers, 1900". library.ubc.ca.
  63. ^ "1901 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  64. ^ "Independent". library.ubc.ca. 8 Feb 1902. p. 8.
  65. ^ "1918 BC Directory". bccd.vpl.ca.
  66. ^ "North Bend". www.michaelkluckner.com.
  67. ^ "Public Schools annual report, 1957–58". library.ubc.ca. p. W88.
  68. ^ "Public Accounts, 1891–92". library.ubc.ca. p. 47 (45).
  69. ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. 19 Feb 1964. p. A7.
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